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QOJ
ID | 题目 | 提交者 | 结果 | 用时 | 内存 | 语言 | 文件大小 | 提交时间 | 测评时间 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#894575 | #9644. 药水 | hos.lyric🐇 | 100 ✓ | 1883ms | 47388kb | C++14 | 45.1kb | 2025-02-11 17:43:55 | 2025-02-11 17:44:05 |
Judging History
answer
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <complex>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
template <class T1, class T2> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T1, T2> &a) { return os << "(" << a.first << ", " << a.second << ")"; };
template <class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &as) { const int sz = as.size(); os << "["; for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) { if (i >= 256) { os << ", ..."; break; } if (i > 0) { os << ", "; } os << as[i]; } return os << "]"; }
template <class T> void pv(T a, T b) { for (T i = a; i != b; ++i) cerr << *i << " "; cerr << endl; }
template <class T> bool chmin(T &t, const T &f) { if (t > f) { t = f; return true; } return false; }
template <class T> bool chmax(T &t, const T &f) { if (t < f) { t = f; return true; } return false; }
#define COLOR(s) ("\x1b[" s "m")
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <unsigned M_> struct ModInt {
static constexpr unsigned M = M_;
unsigned x;
constexpr ModInt() : x(0U) {}
constexpr ModInt(unsigned x_) : x(x_ % M) {}
constexpr ModInt(unsigned long long x_) : x(x_ % M) {}
constexpr ModInt(int x_) : x(((x_ %= static_cast<int>(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + static_cast<int>(M)) : x_) {}
constexpr ModInt(long long x_) : x(((x_ %= static_cast<long long>(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + static_cast<long long>(M)) : x_) {}
ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &a) { x = ((x += a.x) >= M) ? (x - M) : x; return *this; }
ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &a) { x = ((x -= a.x) >= M) ? (x + M) : x; return *this; }
ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &a) { x = (static_cast<unsigned long long>(x) * a.x) % M; return *this; }
ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &a) { return (*this *= a.inv()); }
ModInt pow(long long e) const {
if (e < 0) return inv().pow(-e);
ModInt a = *this, b = 1U; for (; e; e >>= 1) { if (e & 1) b *= a; a *= a; } return b;
}
ModInt inv() const {
unsigned a = M, b = x; int y = 0, z = 1;
for (; b; ) { const unsigned q = a / b; const unsigned c = a - q * b; a = b; b = c; const int w = y - static_cast<int>(q) * z; y = z; z = w; }
assert(a == 1U); return ModInt(y);
}
ModInt operator+() const { return *this; }
ModInt operator-() const { ModInt a; a.x = x ? (M - x) : 0U; return a; }
ModInt operator+(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) += a); }
ModInt operator-(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) -= a); }
ModInt operator*(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) *= a); }
ModInt operator/(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) /= a); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator+(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) += b); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator-(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) -= b); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator*(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) *= b); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator/(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) /= b); }
explicit operator bool() const { return x; }
bool operator==(const ModInt &a) const { return (x == a.x); }
bool operator!=(const ModInt &a) const { return (x != a.x); }
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModInt &a) { return os << a.x; }
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
constexpr unsigned MO = 998244353U;
constexpr unsigned MO2 = 2U * MO;
constexpr int FFT_MAX = 23;
using Mint = ModInt<MO>;
constexpr Mint FFT_ROOTS[FFT_MAX + 1] = {1U, 998244352U, 911660635U, 372528824U, 929031873U, 452798380U, 922799308U, 781712469U, 476477967U, 166035806U, 258648936U, 584193783U, 63912897U, 350007156U, 666702199U, 968855178U, 629671588U, 24514907U, 996173970U, 363395222U, 565042129U, 733596141U, 267099868U, 15311432U};
constexpr Mint INV_FFT_ROOTS[FFT_MAX + 1] = {1U, 998244352U, 86583718U, 509520358U, 337190230U, 87557064U, 609441965U, 135236158U, 304459705U, 685443576U, 381598368U, 335559352U, 129292727U, 358024708U, 814576206U, 708402881U, 283043518U, 3707709U, 121392023U, 704923114U, 950391366U, 428961804U, 382752275U, 469870224U};
constexpr Mint FFT_RATIOS[FFT_MAX] = {911660635U, 509520358U, 369330050U, 332049552U, 983190778U, 123842337U, 238493703U, 975955924U, 603855026U, 856644456U, 131300601U, 842657263U, 730768835U, 942482514U, 806263778U, 151565301U, 510815449U, 503497456U, 743006876U, 741047443U, 56250497U, 867605899U};
constexpr Mint INV_FFT_RATIOS[FFT_MAX] = {86583718U, 372528824U, 373294451U, 645684063U, 112220581U, 692852209U, 155456985U, 797128860U, 90816748U, 860285882U, 927414960U, 354738543U, 109331171U, 293255632U, 535113200U, 308540755U, 121186627U, 608385704U, 438932459U, 359477183U, 824071951U, 103369235U};
// as[rev(i)] <- \sum_j \zeta^(ij) as[j]
void fft(Mint *as, int n) {
assert(!(n & (n - 1))); assert(1 <= n); assert(n <= 1 << FFT_MAX);
int m = n;
if (m >>= 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = as[i + m].x; // < MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 2 MO
}
}
if (m >>= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m]).x; // < MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 3 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 3 MO
}
prod *= FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
for (; m; ) {
if (m >>= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m]).x; // < MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 4 MO
}
prod *= FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
if (m >>= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m]).x; // < MO
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO2) ? (as[i].x - MO2) : as[i].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 3 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 3 MO
}
prod *= FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO2) ? (as[i].x - MO2) : as[i].x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO) ? (as[i].x - MO) : as[i].x; // < MO
}
}
// as[i] <- (1/n) \sum_j \zeta^(-ij) as[rev(j)]
void invFft(Mint *as, int n) {
assert(!(n & (n - 1))); assert(1 <= n); assert(n <= 1 << FFT_MAX);
int m = 1;
if (m < n >> 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned long long y = as[i].x + MO - as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = (prod.x * y) % MO; // < MO
}
prod *= INV_FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
m <<= 1;
}
for (; m < n >> 1; m <<= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + (m >> 1); ++i) {
const unsigned long long y = as[i].x + MO2 - as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO2) ? (as[i].x - MO2) : as[i].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = (prod.x * y) % MO; // < MO
}
for (int i = i0 + (m >> 1); i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned long long y = as[i].x + MO - as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = (prod.x * y) % MO; // < MO
}
prod *= INV_FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
if (m < n) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
const unsigned y = as[i].x + MO2 - as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i + m].x = y; // < 4 MO
}
}
const Mint invN = Mint(n).inv();
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
as[i] *= invN;
}
}
void fft(vector<Mint> &as) {
fft(as.data(), as.size());
}
void invFft(vector<Mint> &as) {
invFft(as.data(), as.size());
}
vector<Mint> convolve(vector<Mint> as, vector<Mint> bs) {
if (as.empty() || bs.empty()) return {};
const int len = as.size() + bs.size() - 1;
int n = 1;
for (; n < len; n <<= 1) {}
as.resize(n); fft(as);
bs.resize(n); fft(bs);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) as[i] *= bs[i];
invFft(as);
as.resize(len);
return as;
}
vector<Mint> square(vector<Mint> as) {
if (as.empty()) return {};
const int len = as.size() + as.size() - 1;
int n = 1;
for (; n < len; n <<= 1) {}
as.resize(n); fft(as);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) as[i] *= as[i];
invFft(as);
as.resize(len);
return as;
}
// m := |as|, n := |bs|
// cs[k] = \sum[i-j=k] as[i] bs[j] (0 <= k <= m-n)
// transpose of ((multiply by bs): K^[0,m-n] -> K^[0,m-1])
vector<Mint> middle(vector<Mint> as, vector<Mint> bs) {
const int m = as.size(), n = bs.size();
assert(m >= n); assert(n >= 1);
int len = 1;
for (; len < m; len <<= 1) {}
as.resize(len, 0);
fft(as);
std::reverse(bs.begin(), bs.end());
bs.resize(len, 0);
fft(bs);
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) as[i] *= bs[i];
invFft(as);
as.resize(m);
as.erase(as.begin(), as.begin() + (n - 1));
return as;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// inv: log, exp, pow
// fac: shift
// invFac: shift
constexpr int LIM_INV = 1 << 20; // @
Mint inv[LIM_INV], fac[LIM_INV], invFac[LIM_INV];
struct ModIntPreparator {
ModIntPreparator() {
inv[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < LIM_INV; ++i) inv[i] = -((Mint::M / i) * inv[Mint::M % i]);
fac[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < LIM_INV; ++i) fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i;
invFac[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < LIM_INV; ++i) invFac[i] = invFac[i - 1] * inv[i];
}
} preparator;
// polyWork0: *, inv, div, divAt, log, exp, pow, sqrt, shift
// polyWork1: inv, div, divAt, log, exp, pow, sqrt, shift
// polyWork2: divAt, exp, pow, sqrt
// polyWork3: exp, pow, sqrt
static constexpr int LIM_POLY = 1 << 20; // @
static_assert(LIM_POLY <= 1 << FFT_MAX, "Poly: LIM_POLY <= 1 << FFT_MAX must hold.");
static Mint polyWork0[LIM_POLY], polyWork1[LIM_POLY], polyWork2[LIM_POLY], polyWork3[LIM_POLY];
struct Poly : public vector<Mint> {
Poly() {}
explicit Poly(int n) : vector<Mint>(n) {}
Poly(const vector<Mint> &vec) : vector<Mint>(vec) {}
Poly(std::initializer_list<Mint> il) : vector<Mint>(il) {}
int size() const { return vector<Mint>::size(); }
Mint at(long long k) const { return (0 <= k && k < size()) ? (*this)[k] : 0U; }
int ord() const { for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) if ((*this)[i]) return i; return -1; }
int deg() const { for (int i = size(); --i >= 0; ) if ((*this)[i]) return i; return -1; }
Poly mod(int n) const { return Poly(vector<Mint>(data(), data() + min(n, size()))); }
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Poly &fs) {
os << "[";
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) { if (i > 0) os << ", "; os << fs[i]; }
return os << "]";
}
Poly &operator+=(const Poly &fs) {
if (size() < fs.size()) resize(fs.size());
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) (*this)[i] += fs[i];
return *this;
}
Poly &operator-=(const Poly &fs) {
if (size() < fs.size()) resize(fs.size());
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) (*this)[i] -= fs[i];
return *this;
}
// 3 E(|t| + |f|)
Poly &operator*=(const Poly &fs) {
if (empty() || fs.empty()) return *this = {};
const int nt = size(), nf = fs.size();
int n = 1;
for (; n < nt + nf - 1; n <<= 1) {}
assert(n <= LIM_POLY);
resize(n);
fft(data(), n); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork0, fs.data(), nf * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + nf, 0, (n - nf) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, n); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] *= polyWork0[i];
invFft(data(), n); // 1 E(n)
resize(nt + nf - 1);
return *this;
}
// 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1)
// rev(t) = rev(f) rev(q) + x^(deg(t)-deg(f)+1) rev(r)
Poly &operator/=(const Poly &fs) {
const int m = deg(), n = fs.deg();
assert(n != -1);
if (m < n) return *this = {};
Poly tsRev(m - n + 1), fsRev(min(m - n, n) + 1);
for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; ++i) tsRev[i] = (*this)[m - i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m - n, n); i <= i0; ++i) fsRev[i] = fs[n - i];
const Poly qsRev = tsRev.div(fsRev, m - n + 1); // 13 E(m - n + 1)
resize(m - n + 1);
for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; ++i) (*this)[i] = qsRev[m - n - i];
return *this;
}
// 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1) + 3 E(|t|)
Poly &operator%=(const Poly &fs) {
const Poly qs = *this / fs; // 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1)
*this -= fs * qs; // 3 E(|t|)
resize(deg() + 1);
return *this;
}
Poly &operator*=(const Mint &a) {
for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) (*this)[i] *= a;
return *this;
}
Poly &operator/=(const Mint &a) {
const Mint b = a.inv();
for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) (*this)[i] *= b;
return *this;
}
Poly operator+() const { return *this; }
Poly operator-() const {
Poly fs(size());
for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) fs[i] = -(*this)[i];
return fs;
}
Poly operator+(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) += fs); }
Poly operator-(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) -= fs); }
Poly operator*(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) *= fs); }
Poly operator/(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) /= fs); }
Poly operator%(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) %= fs); }
Poly operator*(const Mint &a) const { return (Poly(*this) *= a); }
Poly operator/(const Mint &a) const { return (Poly(*this) /= a); }
friend Poly operator*(const Mint &a, const Poly &fs) { return fs * a; }
// 10 E(n)
// f <- f - (t f - 1) f
Poly inv(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0]); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 1 << (32 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= LIM_POLY);
Poly fs(n);
fs[0] = (*this)[0].inv();
for (int m = 1; m < n; m <<= 1) {
memcpy(polyWork0, data(), min(m << 1, size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + min(m << 1, size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), min(m << 1, n) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + min(m << 1, n), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, n)) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = m, i0 = min(m << 1, n); i < i0; ++i) fs[i] = -polyWork0[i];
}
return fs;
}
// 9 E(n)
// Need (4 m)-th roots of unity to lift from (mod x^m) to (mod x^(2m)).
// f <- f - (t f - 1) f
// (t f^2) mod ((x^(2m) - 1) (x^m - 1^(1/4)))
/*
Poly inv(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0]); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 3 << (31 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= LIM_POLY);
assert(n <= 1 << (FFT_MAX - 1));
Poly fs(n);
fs[0] = (*this)[0].inv();
for (int h = 2, m = 1; m < n; ++h, m <<= 1) {
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[h], b = INV_FFT_ROOTS[h];
memcpy(polyWork0, data(), min(m << 1, size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + min(m << 1, size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
{
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork0[(m << 1) + i] = aa * polyWork0[i]; aa *= a; }
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork0[(m << 1) + i] += aa * polyWork0[m + i]; aa *= a; }
}
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
fft(polyWork0 + (m << 1), m); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), min(m << 1, n) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + min(m << 1, n), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, n)) * sizeof(Mint));
{
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork1[(m << 1) + i] = aa * polyWork1[i]; aa *= a; }
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork1[(m << 1) + i] += aa * polyWork1[m + i]; aa *= a; }
}
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
fft(polyWork1 + (m << 1), m); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < (m << 1) + m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i] * polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
invFft(polyWork0 + (m << 1), m); // 1 E(n)
// 2 f0 + (-f2), (-f1) + (-f3), 1^(1/4) (-f1) - (-f2) - 1^(1/4) (-f3)
{
Mint bb = 1;
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, n - m); i < i0; ++i) {
unsigned x = polyWork0[i].x + (bb * polyWork0[(m << 1) + i]).x + MO2 - (fs[i].x << 1); // < 4 MO
fs[m + i] = Mint(static_cast<unsigned long long>(FFT_ROOTS[2].x) * x) - polyWork0[m + i];
fs[m + i].x = ((fs[m + i].x & 1) ? (fs[m + i].x + MO) : fs[m + i].x) >> 1;
bb *= b;
}
}
}
return fs;
}
*/
// 13 E(n)
// g = (1 / f) mod x^m
// h <- h - (f h - t) g
Poly div(const Poly &fs, int n) const {
assert(!fs.empty()); assert(fs[0]); assert(1 <= n);
if (n == 1) return {at(0) / fs[0]};
// m < n <= 2 m
const int m = 1 << (31 - __builtin_clz(n - 1));
assert(m << 1 <= LIM_POLY);
Poly gs = fs.inv(m); // 5 E(n)
gs.resize(m << 1);
fft(gs.data(), m << 1); // 1 E(n)
if (size()) memcpy(polyWork0, data(), min(m, size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + min(m, size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= gs[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
Poly hs(n);
memcpy(hs.data(), polyWork0, m * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), min(m << 1, fs.size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + min(m << 1, fs.size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, fs.size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
for (int i = m, i0 = min(m << 1, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] -= (*this)[i];
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= gs[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = m; i < n; ++i) hs[i] = -polyWork0[i];
return hs;
}
// (4 (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) + 16) E(|f|) for |t| < |f|
// [x^k] (t(x) / f(x)) = [x^k] ((t(x) f(-x)) / (f(x) f(-x))
// polyWork0: half of (2 m)-th roots of unity, inversed, bit-reversed
Mint divAt(const Poly &fs, long long k) const {
assert(k >= 0);
if (size() >= fs.size()) {
const Poly qs = *this / fs; // 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1)
Poly rs = *this - fs * qs; // 3 E(|t|)
rs.resize(rs.deg() + 1);
return qs.at(k) + rs.divAt(fs, k);
}
int h = 0, m = 1;
for (; m < fs.size(); ++h, m <<= 1) {}
if (k < m) {
const Poly gs = fs.inv(k + 1); // 10 E(|f|)
Mint sum;
for (int i = 0, i0 = min<int>(k + 1, size()); i < i0; ++i) sum += (*this)[i] * gs[k - i];
return sum;
}
assert(m << 1 <= LIM_POLY);
polyWork0[0] = Mint(2U).inv();
for (int hh = 0; hh < h; ++hh) for (int i = 0; i < 1 << hh; ++i) polyWork0[1 << hh | i] = polyWork0[i] * INV_FFT_ROOTS[hh + 2];
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[h + 1];
if (size()) memcpy(polyWork2, data(), size() * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork2 + size(), 0, ((m << 1) - size()) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork2, m << 1); // 2 E(|f|)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), fs.size() * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + fs.size(), 0, ((m << 1) - fs.size()) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(|f|)
for (; ; ) {
if (k & 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork2[i] = polyWork0[i] * (polyWork2[i << 1 | 0] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 1] - polyWork2[i << 1 | 1] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 0]);
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
polyWork2[i] = polyWork2[i << 1 | 0] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 1] + polyWork2[i << 1 | 1] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 0];
polyWork2[i].x = ((polyWork2[i].x & 1) ? (polyWork2[i].x + MO) : polyWork2[i].x) >> 1;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] = polyWork1[i << 1 | 0] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 1];
if ((k >>= 1) < m) {
invFft(polyWork2, m); // 1 E(|f|)
invFft(polyWork1, m); // 1 E(|f|)
// Poly::inv does not use polyWork2
const Poly gs = Poly(vector<Mint>(polyWork1, polyWork1 + k + 1)).inv(k + 1); // 10 E(|f|)
Mint sum;
for (int i = 0; i <= k; ++i) sum += polyWork2[i] * gs[k - i];
return sum;
}
memcpy(polyWork2 + m, polyWork2, m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(polyWork2 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
memcpy(polyWork1 + m, polyWork1, m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) { polyWork2[i] *= aa; polyWork1[i] *= aa; aa *= a; }
fft(polyWork2 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
fft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
}
}
// 13 E(n)
// D log(t) = (D t) / t
Poly log(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0].x == 1U); assert(n <= LIM_INV);
Poly fs = mod(n);
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) fs[i] *= i;
fs = fs.div(*this, n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) fs[i] *= ::inv[i];
return fs;
}
// (16 + 1/2) E(n)
// f = exp(t) mod x^m ==> (D f) / f == D t (mod x^m)
// g = (1 / exp(t)) mod x^m
// f <- f - (log f - t) / (1 / f)
// = f - (I ((D f) / f) - t) f
// == f - (I ((D f) / f + (f g - 1) ((D f) / f - D (t mod x^m))) - t) f (mod x^(2m))
// = f - (I (g (D f - f D (t mod x^m)) + D (t mod x^m)) - t) f
// g <- g - (f g - 1) g
// polyWork1: DFT(f, 2 m), polyWork2: g, polyWork3: DFT(g, 2 m)
Poly exp(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert(!(*this)[0]); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 1 << (32 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= min(LIM_INV, LIM_POLY));
if (n == 1) return {1U};
if (n == 2) return {1U, at(1)};
Poly fs(n);
fs[0].x = polyWork1[0].x = polyWork1[1].x = polyWork2[0].x = 1U;
int m;
for (m = 1; m << 1 < n; m <<= 1) {
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] = i * (*this)[i];
memset(polyWork0 + min(m, size()), 0, (m - min(m, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] -= i * fs[i];
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3, polyWork2, m * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= ::inv[m + i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] += (*this)[m + i];
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(fs.data() + m, polyWork0, m * sizeof(Mint));
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), (m << 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + (m << 1), 0, (m << 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 2); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] = polyWork1[i] * polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork2[i] = -polyWork0[i];
}
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] = i * (*this)[i];
memset(polyWork0 + min(m, size()), 0, (m - min(m, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] -= i * fs[i];
memcpy(polyWork0 + m, polyWork0 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
fft(polyWork0 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3 + m, polyWork2 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[m + i] = polyWork0[i] * polyWork3[m + i] + polyWork0[m + i] * polyWork3[i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
invFft(polyWork0 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m >> 1; ++i) polyWork0[(m >> 1) + i] += polyWork0[m + i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= ::inv[m + i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] += (*this)[m + i];
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(fs.data() + m, polyWork0, (n - m) * sizeof(Mint));
return fs;
}
// (29 + 1/2) E(n)
// g <- g - (log g - a log t) g
Poly pow1(Mint a, int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0].x == 1U); assert(1 <= n);
return (a * log(n)).exp(n); // 13 E(n) + (16 + 1/2) E(n)
}
// (29 + 1/2) E(n - a ord(t))
Poly pow(long long a, int n) const {
assert(a >= 0); assert(1 <= n);
if (a == 0) { Poly gs(n); gs[0].x = 1U; return gs; }
const int o = ord();
if (o == -1 || o > (n - 1) / a) return Poly(n);
const Mint b = (*this)[o].inv(), c = (*this)[o].pow(a);
const int ntt = min<int>(n - a * o, size() - o);
Poly tts(ntt);
for (int i = 0; i < ntt; ++i) tts[i] = b * (*this)[o + i];
tts = tts.pow1(a, n - a * o); // (29 + 1/2) E(n - a ord(t))
Poly gs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n - a * o; ++i) gs[a * o + i] = c * tts[i];
return gs;
}
// (10 + 1/2) E(n)
// f = t^(1/2) mod x^m, g = 1 / t^(1/2) mod x^m
// f <- f - (f^2 - h) g / 2
// g <- g - (f g - 1) g
// polyWork1: DFT(f, m), polyWork2: g, polyWork3: DFT(g, 2 m)
Poly sqrt(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0].x == 1U); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 1 << (32 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= LIM_POLY);
if (n == 1) return {1U};
if (n == 2) return {1U, at(1) / 2};
Poly fs(n);
fs[0].x = polyWork1[0].x = polyWork2[0].x = 1U;
int m;
for (m = 1; m << 1 < n; m <<= 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[m + i];
memset(polyWork1 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3, polyWork2, m * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork1[i] = -polyWork1[i]; fs[m + i].x = ((polyWork1[i].x & 1) ? (polyWork1[i].x + MO) : polyWork1[i].x) >> 1; }
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), (m << 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] = polyWork1[i] * polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork2[i] = -polyWork0[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[m + i];
memcpy(polyWork1 + m, polyWork1 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
fft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3 + m, polyWork2 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
// for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork3[i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[m + i] = polyWork1[i] * polyWork3[m + i] + polyWork1[m + i] * polyWork3[i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
invFft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m >> 1; ++i) polyWork1[(m >> 1) + i] += polyWork1[m + i];
for (int i = 0; i < n - m; ++i) { polyWork1[i] = -polyWork1[i]; fs[m + i].x = ((polyWork1[i].x & 1) ? (polyWork1[i].x + MO) : polyWork1[i].x) >> 1; }
return fs;
}
// (10 + 1/2) E(n)
// modSqrt must return a quadratic residue if exists, or anything otherwise.
// Return {} if *this does not have a square root.
template <class F> Poly sqrt(int n, F modSqrt) const {
assert(1 <= n);
const int o = ord();
if (o == -1) return Poly(n);
if (o & 1) return {};
const Mint c = modSqrt((*this)[o]);
if (c * c != (*this)[o]) return {};
if (o >> 1 >= n) return Poly(n);
const Mint b = (*this)[o].inv();
const int ntt = min(n - (o >> 1), size() - o);
Poly tts(ntt);
for (int i = 0; i < ntt; ++i) tts[i] = b * (*this)[o + i];
tts = tts.sqrt(n - (o >> 1)); // (10 + 1/2) E(n)
Poly gs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n - (o >> 1); ++i) gs[(o >> 1) + i] = c * tts[i];
return gs;
}
// 6 E(|t|)
// x -> x + a
Poly shift(const Mint &a) const {
if (empty()) return {};
const int n = size();
int m = 1;
for (; m < n; m <<= 1) {}
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) polyWork0[i] = fac[i] * (*this)[i];
memset(polyWork0 + n, 0, ((m << 1) - n) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(|t|)
{
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { polyWork1[n - 1 - i] = invFac[i] * aa; aa *= a; }
}
memset(polyWork1 + n, 0, ((m << 1) - n) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(|t|)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(|t|)
Poly fs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) fs[i] = invFac[i] * polyWork0[n - 1 + i];
return fs;
}
};
Mint linearRecurrenceAt(const vector<Mint> &as, const vector<Mint> &cs, long long k) {
assert(!cs.empty()); assert(cs[0]);
const int d = cs.size() - 1;
assert(as.size() >= static_cast<size_t>(d));
return (Poly(vector<Mint>(as.begin(), as.begin() + d)) * cs).mod(d).divAt(cs, k);
}
struct SubproductTree {
int logN, n, nn;
vector<Mint> xs;
// [DFT_4((X-xs[0])(X-xs[1])(X-xs[2])(X-xs[3]))] [(X-xs[0])(X-xs[1])(X-xs[2])(X-xs[3])mod X^4]
// [ DFT_4((X-xs[0])(X-xs[1])) ] [ DFT_4((X-xs[2])(X-xs[3])) ]
// [ DFT_2(X-xs[0]) ] [ DFT_2(X-xs[1]) ] [ DFT_2(X-xs[2]) ] [ DFT_2(X-xs[3]) ]
vector<Mint> buf;
vector<Mint *> gss;
// (1 - xs[0] X) ... (1 - xs[nn-1] X)
Poly all;
// (ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
SubproductTree(const vector<Mint> &xs_) {
n = xs_.size();
for (logN = 0, nn = 1; nn < n; ++logN, nn <<= 1) {}
xs.assign(nn, 0U);
memcpy(xs.data(), xs_.data(), n * sizeof(Mint));
buf.assign((logN + 1) * (nn << 1), 0U);
gss.assign(nn << 1, nullptr);
for (int h = 0; h <= logN; ++h) for (int u = 1 << h; u < 1 << (h + 1); ++u) {
gss[u] = buf.data() + (h * (nn << 1) + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h + 1)));
}
for (int i = 0; i < nn; ++i) {
gss[nn + i][0] = -xs[i] + 1;
gss[nn + i][1] = -xs[i] - 1;
}
if (nn == 1) gss[1][1] += 2;
for (int h = logN; --h >= 0; ) {
const int m = 1 << (logN - h);
for (int u = 1 << (h + 1); --u >= 1 << h; ) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) gss[u][i] = gss[u << 1][i] * gss[u << 1 | 1][i];
memcpy(gss[u] + m, gss[u], m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(gss[u] + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
if (h > 0) {
gss[u][m] -= 2;
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[logN - h + 1];
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) { gss[u][i] *= aa; aa *= a; };
fft(gss[u] + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
}
}
}
all.resize(nn + 1);
all[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < nn; ++i) all[i] = gss[1][nn + nn - i];
all[nn] = gss[1][nn] - 1;
}
// ((3/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n) + 10 E(|f|) + 3 E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
vector<Mint> multiEval(const Poly &fs) const {
vector<Mint> work0(nn), work1(nn), work2(nn);
{
const int m = max(fs.size(), 1);
auto invAll = all.inv(m); // 10 E(|f|)
std::reverse(invAll.begin(), invAll.end());
int mm;
for (mm = 1; mm < m - 1 + nn; mm <<= 1) {}
invAll.resize(mm, 0U);
fft(invAll); // E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
vector<Mint> ffs(mm, 0U);
if (fs.size()) memcpy(ffs.data(), fs.data(), fs.size() * sizeof(Mint));
fft(ffs); // E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
for (int i = 0; i < mm; ++i) ffs[i] *= invAll[i];
invFft(ffs); // E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
memcpy(((logN & 1) ? work1 : work0).data(), ffs.data() + m - 1, nn * sizeof(Mint));
}
for (int h = 0; h < logN; ++h) {
const int m = 1 << (logN - h);
for (int u = 1 << h; u < 1 << (h + 1); ++u) {
Mint *hs = (((logN - h) & 1) ? work1 : work0).data() + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h));
Mint *hs0 = (((logN - h) & 1) ? work0 : work1).data() + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h));
Mint *hs1 = hs0 + (m >> 1);
fft(hs, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) work2[i] = gss[u << 1 | 1][i] * hs[i];
invFft(work2.data(), m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
memcpy(hs0, work2.data() + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) work2[i] = gss[u << 1][i] * hs[i];
invFft(work2.data(), m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
memcpy(hs1, work2.data() + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
}
}
work0.resize(n);
return work0;
}
// ((5/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
Poly interpolate(const vector<Mint> &ys) const {
assert(static_cast<int>(ys.size()) == n);
Poly gs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) gs[i] = (i + 1) * all[n - (i + 1)];
const vector<Mint> denoms = multiEval(gs); // ((3/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
vector<Mint> work(nn << 1, 0U);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
// xs[0], ..., xs[n - 1] are not distinct
assert(denoms[i]);
work[i << 1] = work[i << 1 | 1] = ys[i] / denoms[i];
}
for (int h = logN; --h >= 0; ) {
const int m = 1 << (logN - h);
for (int u = 1 << (h + 1); --u >= 1 << h; ) {
Mint *hs = work.data() + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h + 1));
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) hs[i] = gss[u << 1 | 1][i] * hs[i] + gss[u << 1][i] * hs[m + i];
if (h > 0) {
memcpy(hs + m, hs, m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(hs + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[logN - h + 1];
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) { hs[i] *= aa; aa *= a; };
fft(hs + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
}
}
}
invFft(work.data(), nn); // E(n)
return Poly(vector<Mint>(work.data() + nn - n, work.data() + nn));
}
};
// q: rev([0, m]) * [0, n], [t^0] q(t, x) = 1 omitted
// ret: [0, m-1] * [0, n]
vector<Mint> comRec(int m, int n, const vector<Mint> &as, const vector<Mint> &qss) {
if (!n) { auto ret = as; ret.resize(m, 0); return ret; }
// reuse DFT(q(t, -x)); (2n+2) instead of (2n+1)
int len;
for (len = 2; len < (2*m) * (2*n+2); len <<= 1) {}
vector<Mint> qs(len, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n; ++j) qs[i * (2*n+2) + j] = qss[i * (n+1) + j];
fft(qs);
vector<Mint> work(len >> 1, 0);
for (int k = 0; k < len >> 1; ++k) { work[k] = qs[k << 1] * qs[k << 1 | 1]; swap(qs[k << 1], qs[k << 1 | 1]); }
invFft(work);
vector<Mint> qqss((2*m) * (n/2+1), 0);
for (int i = 0; i < 2*m-1; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) qqss[i * (n/2+1) + j] = work[i * (n+1) + j];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) qqss[(m+i) * (n/2+1) + j] += qss[i * (n+1) + 2*j] + qss[i * (n+1) + 2*j];
const auto res = comRec(2*m, n/2, as, qqss);
vector<Mint> ps(len, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < 2*m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) ps[i * (2*n+2) + (2*n+1) - (2*j+(n&1))] = res[i * (n/2+1) + j];
fft(ps);
for (int k = 0; k < len; ++k) ps[k] *= qs[k];
invFft(ps);
vector<Mint> ret(m * (n+1));
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n; ++j) ret[i * (n+1) + j] = ps[(m+i) * (2*n+2) + (2*n+1) - j];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) ret[i * (n+1) + (2*j+(n&1))] += res[i * (n/2+1) + j];
return ret;
}
// a(b(x)) mod x^n
// transpose and rev: p(x) -> [x^(n-1)] p(x) b(x)^i for each 0 <= i < n
// [x^(n-1)] p(x) / (1 - t b(x))
vector<Mint> com(const vector<Mint> &as, const vector<Mint> &bs, int n) {
assert(bs.size() == 0 || !bs[0]);
if (n == 0) return {};
vector<Mint> qss(n, 0);
for (int j = 0; j < min<int>(bs.size(), n); ++j) qss[j] = -bs[j];
auto cs = comRec(1, n - 1, as, qss);
reverse(cs.begin(), cs.end());
return cs;
}
// [x^(n-1)] a(x) b(x)^i for each 0 <= i < n
// [x^(n-1)] a(x) / (1 - t b(x))
vector<Mint> powProj(const vector<Mint> &as, const vector<Mint> &bs, int n) {
assert(bs.size() == 0 || !bs[0]);
assert(n >= 1);
// p(t, x): [0, m-1] * [0, n]
// q(t, x): rev([0, m]) * [0, n], [t^0] q(t, x) = 1 omitted
vector<Mint> pss(n, 0), qss(n, 0);
for (int j = 0; j < min<int>(as.size(), n); ++j) pss[j] = as[j];
for (int j = 0; j < min<int>(bs.size(), n); ++j) qss[j] = -bs[j];
const int n0 = n--;
for (int m = 1; n; m *= 2, n /= 2) {
// reuse DFT(q(t, -x)); (2n+2) instead of (2n+1)
int len;
for (len = 2; len < (m*2) * (n*2+2); len <<= 1) {}
vector<Mint> qs(len, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n; ++j) qs[i * (n*2+2) + j] = qss[i * (n+1) + j];
fft(qs);
vector<Mint> work(len >> 1, 0);
for (int k = 0; k < len >> 1; ++k) { work[k] = qs[k << 1] * qs[k << 1 | 1]; swap(qs[k << 1], qs[k << 1 | 1]); }
invFft(work);
vector<Mint> qqss((m*2) * (n/2+1), 0);
for (int i = 0; i <= m*2-2; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) qqss[i * (n/2+1) + j] = work[i * (n+1) + j];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) qqss[(m+i) * (n/2+1) + j] += qss[i * (n+1) + j*2] + qss[i * (n+1) + j*2];
vector<Mint> ps(len, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n; ++j) ps[i * (n*2+2) + j] = pss[i * (n+1) + j];
fft(ps);
for (int k = 0; k < len; ++k) ps[k] *= qs[k];
invFft(ps);
vector<Mint> ppss((m*2) * (n/2+1), 0);
for (int i = 0; i <= m*2-2; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) ppss[i * (n/2+1) + j] = ps[i * (n*2+2) + (j*2+(n&1))];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j <= n/2; ++j) ppss[(m+i) * (n/2+1) + j] += pss[i * (n+1) + (j*2+(n&1))];
pss.swap(ppss);
qss.swap(qqss);
}
std::reverse(pss.begin(), pss.end());
pss.resize(n0, 0);
return pss;
}
// a^<-1>(x) mod x^n
// (n-1) [x^(n-1)] a(x)^i = i [x^(n-1-i)] (x/a^<-1>(x))^(n-1)
Poly comInv(const Poly &as, int n) {
assert(as.size() >= 2); assert(!as[0]); assert(as[1]);
assert(n >= 0);
if (n <= 1) return Poly(n);
// reduce to [x^1] a(x) = 1 in order to take (n-1)-th root
const Mint t = as[1].inv();
const auto res = powProj({1}, t * as, n);
Poly ret(n - 1);
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) ret[n - 1 - i] = inv[i] * (n - 1) * res[i];
ret = ret.pow1(-inv[n - 1], n - 1);
ret.insert(ret.begin(), 0);
{ Mint tt = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { ret[i] *= tt; tt *= t; } }
return ret;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*
decision
backward
height > K ==> impossible
height <= 0 ==> should cut
*/
int N, M, K, L, R;
Mint A_[7];
Mint *A = A_ + 3;
int E;
Poly two[20], twoRev[20];
Poly fs;
// always <= K
Poly recSmall(int e, int l, int r, const Poly &ps) {
assert(ps.size() - 1 - (r - l) * L <= K);
Poly ret;
if (e == 0) {
ret.resize(ps.size() - L, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) for (int j = L; j <= R; ++j) {
const int k = i - j;
((k <= 0) ? fs[r] : ret[k]) += ps[i] * A[j];
}
} else {
const int pos = min(1 + (r - l) * R, ps.size());
Poly prod = Poly(vector<Mint>(ps.begin() + pos, ps.end())) * twoRev[e];
prod.insert(prod.begin(), 0);
ret += prod;
const int m = (l + r) / 2;
Poly qs = ps.mod(pos);
qs = recSmall(e - 1, l, m, qs);
qs = recSmall(e - 1, m, r, qs);
ret += qs;
}
return ret;
}
// always >= 1; reversed (i -> K-i)
Poly recLarge(int e, int l, int r, const Poly &ps) {
assert(ps.size() - 1 + (r - l) * R <= K - 1);
Poly ret;
if (e == 0) {
ret.resize(ps.size() + R, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) for (int j = L; j <= R; ++j) {
const int k = i + j;
if (k >= 0) ret[k] += ps[i] * A[j];
}
} else {
const int pos = min(0 - (r - l) * L, ps.size());
ret += Poly(vector<Mint>(ps.begin() + pos, ps.end())) * two[e];
const int m = (l + r) / 2;
Poly qs = ps.mod(pos);
qs = recLarge(e - 1, l, m, qs);
qs = recLarge(e - 1, m, r, qs);
ret += qs;
}
return ret;
}
// |ps|: small enough
Poly rec(int e, int l, int r, const Poly &ps) {
Poly ret;
if (e == 0) {
ret.resize(ps.size() - L, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) for (int j = L; j <= R; ++j) {
const int k = i - j;
if (k <= K) ((k <= 0) ? fs[r] : ret[k]) += ps[i] * A[j];
}
} else {
// [a, b) ==> keep [1, K]
int a = 1 + (r - l) * R;
int b = K + (r - l) * L;
++b;
chmax(a, 0);
chmin(b, ps.size());
if (a < b) {
// cerr<<"[rec] "<<e<<" "<<l<<" "<<r<<" "<<ps<<"; hello a = "<<a<<", b = "<<b<<endl;
if (0 < a) {
ret += recSmall(e, l, r, ps.mod(a));
}
if (a < b) {
const int off = a - (r - l) * R;
const Poly prod = Poly(vector<Mint>(ps.begin() + a, ps.begin() + b)) * twoRev[e];
ret.resize(max(ret.size(), off + prod.size()));
for (int i = 0; i < prod.size(); ++i) ret[off + i] += prod[i];
}
if (b < ps.size()) {
Poly qs(K - b + 1);
for (int i = b; i < ps.size(); ++i) qs[K - i] = ps[i];
const Poly res = recLarge(e, l, r, qs);
ret.resize(max(ret.size(), K + 1));
for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); ++i) ret[K - i] += res[i];
}
} else {
const int m = (l + r) / 2;
Poly qs = ps;
qs = rec(e - 1, l, m, qs);
qs = rec(e - 1, m, r, qs);
ret += qs;
}
}
ret = ret.mod(K + 1);
// cerr<<COLOR("93")<<"[rec] "<<e<<" "<<l<<" "<<r<<" "<<ps<<" = "<<ret<<COLOR()<<endl;
return ret;
}
int main() {
for (; ~scanf("%d%d%d%d%d", &N, &M, &K, &L, &R); ) {
fill(A - 3, A + 4, 0);
for (int i = L; i <= R; ++i) {
scanf("%u", &A[i].x);
}
for (E = 1; !(M <= 1 << E); ++E) {}
two[0].resize(R - L + 1);
twoRev[0].resize(R - L + 1);
for (int i = L; i <= R; ++i) two[0][i - L] = twoRev[0][R - i] = A[i];
for (int e = 1; e <= E; ++e) {
two[e] = square(two[e - 1]);
twoRev[e] = square(twoRev[e - 1]);
}
fs.assign((1 << E) + 1, 0);
rec(E, 0, 1 << E, Poly{1});
fs = fs.mod(M + 1);
cerr<<"fs = "<<fs.mod(16)<<endl;
fs = (Poly{1} - fs).inv(N + 1);
printf("%u\n", fs[N].x);
}
return 0;
}
詳細信息
Subtask #1:
score: 10
Accepted
Test #1:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 11ms
memory: 20772kb
input:
9 8 2 -3 3 978376014 534476433 82925309 123969914 464834705 142480510 667670175
output:
865328909
result:
ok single line: '865328909'
Test #2:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 12ms
memory: 21472kb
input:
9 5 21 -3 3 667211041 371819287 271110495 717869134 779977594 366592561 818397301
output:
584708415
result:
ok single line: '584708415'
Test #3:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 13ms
memory: 21484kb
input:
2 1 2 -3 3 389820258 245100065 892595587 651530510 730254290 432074702 651602001
output:
496986133
result:
ok single line: '496986133'
Test #4:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 12ms
memory: 21968kb
input:
10 5 3 -3 3 313158007 630233365 831165042 863498766 564299188 888052687 900814711
output:
965169282
result:
ok single line: '965169282'
Test #5:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 13ms
memory: 21688kb
input:
10 3 17 -3 3 66276843 258859685 725988178 37476143 921367279 97568130 887196802
output:
507638561
result:
ok single line: '507638561'
Subtask #2:
score: 10
Accepted
Dependency #1:
100%
Accepted
Test #6:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 11ms
memory: 21624kb
input:
91 87 54 -2 1 917754956 65696013 146792742 866244996
output:
28738959
result:
ok single line: '28738959'
Test #7:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 13ms
memory: 20844kb
input:
94 75 16 -3 1 852677705 370813440 222340218 818599820 730301877
output:
723018005
result:
ok single line: '723018005'
Test #8:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 14ms
memory: 21460kb
input:
98 15 14 -3 1 465962078 808631917 839559181 771314157 109265727
output:
747714330
result:
ok single line: '747714330'
Test #9:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 12ms
memory: 21864kb
input:
7 6 5 -3 3 408267021 158348217 115197532 71150315 628349077 531747008 83429537
output:
121060786
result:
ok single line: '121060786'
Test #10:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 13ms
memory: 21808kb
input:
30 27 8 -2 1 959777297 423706123 65112648 547892639
output:
112147442
result:
ok single line: '112147442'
Subtask #3:
score: 20
Accepted
Dependency #2:
100%
Accepted
Test #11:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 16ms
memory: 21892kb
input:
9791 846 7795 -3 3 609852827 124621801 378253739 421303592 163745355 175152354 123559039
output:
567131719
result:
ok single line: '567131719'
Test #12:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 77ms
memory: 23344kb
input:
9867 7766 24222 -3 3 162633694 205421574 361295532 466631050 173014631 153620454 473871772
output:
972664267
result:
ok single line: '972664267'
Test #13:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 25ms
memory: 21160kb
input:
2185 1775 3043 -3 3 407147191 182935255 188403511 116452081 176446804 372638044 552465821
output:
248031044
result:
ok single line: '248031044'
Test #14:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 84ms
memory: 22832kb
input:
8833 6297 14492 -3 3 814890583 559885007 172004804 788419034 666141268 925075 990711642
output:
824962211
result:
ok single line: '824962211'
Test #15:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 175ms
memory: 23880kb
input:
9751 9525 12744 -3 3 770794432 204974950 518482169 321658889 223803839 149671680 805347101
output:
778812135
result:
ok single line: '778812135'
Subtask #4:
score: 15
Accepted
Test #16:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 410ms
memory: 29000kb
input:
120000 117980 112081 -1 1 499122177 0 499122177
output:
193378538
result:
ok single line: '193378538'
Test #17:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 474ms
memory: 31956kb
input:
120000 116256 70515 -1 1 499122177 0 499122177
output:
613444885
result:
ok single line: '613444885'
Test #18:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 469ms
memory: 31620kb
input:
119847 116202 70490 -1 1 499122177 0 499122177
output:
650775770
result:
ok single line: '650775770'
Test #19:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 485ms
memory: 31412kb
input:
120000 119040 27196 -1 1 499122177 0 499122177
output:
198334971
result:
ok single line: '198334971'
Test #20:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 472ms
memory: 28880kb
input:
119977 119517 87801 -1 1 499122177 0 499122177
output:
911396650
result:
ok single line: '911396650'
Subtask #5:
score: 10
Accepted
Dependency #4:
100%
Accepted
Test #21:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 495ms
memory: 28324kb
input:
119543 118246 21936 -1 1 522726212 220279917 255238225
output:
720141873
result:
ok single line: '720141873'
Test #22:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 509ms
memory: 29248kb
input:
119627 118509 46868 -1 1 139898284 421648729 436697341
output:
707360530
result:
ok single line: '707360530'
Test #23:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 35ms
memory: 22328kb
input:
119732 3881 85231 -1 1 821442273 668064491 506981943
output:
62290543
result:
ok single line: '62290543'
Test #24:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 475ms
memory: 31924kb
input:
119383 115504 94825 -1 1 353911541 201817237 442515576
output:
233037070
result:
ok single line: '233037070'
Test #25:
score: 10
Accepted
time: 475ms
memory: 31984kb
input:
119970 119700 90422 -1 1 38681152 69780746 889782456
output:
67663678
result:
ok single line: '67663678'
Subtask #6:
score: 15
Accepted
Test #26:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 436ms
memory: 29512kb
input:
59196 51984 65786 -2 2 854679542 149682196 462175536 281379814 248571619
output:
436431710
result:
ok single line: '436431710'
Test #27:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 180ms
memory: 25500kb
input:
17498 16568 2290 -2 2 147984892 372916805 732121021 11903853 731562136
output:
184108028
result:
ok single line: '184108028'
Test #28:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 223ms
memory: 24832kb
input:
59377 32700 30501 -3 1 955519822 780899202 627724195 700280782 928553412
output:
18194952
result:
ok single line: '18194952'
Test #29:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 303ms
memory: 29260kb
input:
59161 44005 169519 -1 3 236185791 547845212 230625917 328613979 653217808
output:
934734720
result:
ok single line: '934734720'
Test #30:
score: 15
Accepted
time: 463ms
memory: 28780kb
input:
59810 58187 46591 -2 2 745258481 303300008 256421686 681246175 10262357
output:
94000430
result:
ok single line: '94000430'
Subtask #7:
score: 20
Accepted
Dependency #5:
100%
Accepted
Dependency #6:
100%
Accepted
Test #31:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 1679ms
memory: 42340kb
input:
120000 116424 25393 -3 3 741309042 606455820 367917828 827995272 665187318 628731548 155380585
output:
500865391
result:
ok single line: '500865391'
Test #32:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 1495ms
memory: 47388kb
input:
119670 118125 313324 -3 3 920642396 757974633 445817199 327185459 709606612 995760891 834234576
output:
310694083
result:
ok single line: '310694083'
Test #33:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 1883ms
memory: 43160kb
input:
120000 119162 138170 -3 3 612043854 963535753 21589849 194773645 238307580 934818639 29663740
output:
295409528
result:
ok single line: '295409528'
Test #34:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 1837ms
memory: 44984kb
input:
119997 117868 112039 -3 3 768738897 982614886 351190742 968990563 324943114 879380826 715362738
output:
637321264
result:
ok single line: '637321264'
Test #35:
score: 20
Accepted
time: 1833ms
memory: 41644kb
input:
119174 118782 68055 -3 3 561262663 716918073 704588480 361359134 402055681 843894426 402898956
output:
262581478
result:
ok single line: '262581478'