#include <bits/stdc++.h>
//
#define var auto
#define let auto const
#define mid ((l + r) >> 1)
#define loop for (;;)
#define downTo(n) for (int it{n}; it; --it)
#define repeat(n) for (int it{1}, ed{n}; it <= ed; ++it)
typedef long long Int;
typedef long double real;

Int i32() {
    Int a{};
    int b{}, sgn{};
    for (; !isdigit(b); b = getchar()) sgn = b == '-';
    for (; +isdigit(b); b = getchar()) a = a * 10 + b - '0';
    return sgn ? -a : +a;
}

void solve() {
    {
        Int n = i32();
        Int x = i32();
        Int lc = 1;
        Int mc = 1;
        Int rc = 1;
        for (int i = std::__lg(x); i; --i, mc <<= 1) {
            if (n == 1) {
                puts("0");
                return;
            }
            if (x & (1 << i - 1)) {
                if (n == 2) {
                    lc = rc;
                    n = 1;
                } else if (n == 3) {
                    lc = rc = mc + rc;
                    n = 1;
                } else {
                    lc = mc << 1;
                    rc += (n & 1) ? mc : 0;
                    n = n + 0 >> 1;
                }
            } else {
                if (n == 2) {
                    lc = rc;
                    n = 1;
                } else {
                    lc = mc;
                    rc += (n & 1) ? 0 : mc;
                    n = n + 1 >> 1;
                }
            }
        }
        if (n == 1)
            printf("%lld\n", lc);
        else
            printf("%lld\n", (n + 1) * (n - 2) / 2 * mc + n * rc + lc);
    }
}

int main() {
    Int T = i32();
    while (T--) solve();
}