#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define ll long long
#define pl pair<ll, ll>
#define pi pair<int, int>
#define minpq priority_queue<ll, vector<ll>, greater<ll>>
using namespace std;

#if 1
void __print(int x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(long x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(long long x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(unsigned x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(unsigned long x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(unsigned long long x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(float x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(double x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(long double x) {cerr << x;}
void __print(char x) {cerr << '\'' << x << '\'';}
void __print(const char *x) {cerr << '\"' << x << '\"';}
void __print(const string &x) {cerr << '\"' << x << '\"';}
void __print(bool x) {cerr << (x ? "true" : "false");}
template<typename T, typename V>
void __print(const pair<T, V> &x) {cerr << '{'; __print(x.first); cerr << ','; __print(x.second); cerr << '}';}
template<typename T>
void __print(const T &x) {int f = 0; cerr << '['; for (auto &i: x) cerr << (f++ ? "," : ""), __print(i); cerr << "]";}
void _print() {cerr << endl << flush;}
template <typename T, typename... V>
void _print(T t, V... v) {__print(t); if (sizeof...(v)) cerr << ", "; _print(v...);}
#define debug(x...) cerr << "*["<<__LINE__<<"]\t"<< #x << " = "; _print(x)
#endif

const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;

template<typename T> bool chkmin(T &a, T b){return (b < a) ? a = b, 1 : 0;}
template<typename T> bool chkmax(T &a, T b){return (b > a) ? a = b, 1 : 0;}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {if(b == 0){return a;} return gcd(b, a % b);}

void solve(){
	ll n, d; cin >> n >> d;
	ll ans = 1ll << 60, cur = 0;
	while(d && n > 1){
		chkmin(ans, (n - 1) / 3 * 2 + cur);
		n = (n + 1) / 2;
		d --; cur ++;
	}
	chkmin(ans, (n - 1) / 3 * 2 + cur);
	cout << ans << '\n';
}
 
int main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0);
	int tc = 1;
	cin >> tc;
	while(tc --){
		solve();
	}
}

/*
Do something instead of nothing!
Print out stuffs / study samples when you cannot find the bug!
*/