#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct time_helper{
#ifdef LOCAL
clock_t time_last;time_helper(){time_last=clock();}void test(){auto time_now=clock();std::cerr<<"time:"<<1.*(time_now-time_last)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<";all_time:"<<1.*time_now/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<std::endl;time_last=time_now;}~time_helper(){test();}
#else
void test(){}
#endif
}time_helper;
#ifdef LOCAL
#include"dbg.h"
#else
#define dbg(...) (__VA_ARGS__)
#endif
namespace Fread{const int SIZE=1<<16;char buf[SIZE],*S,*T;inline char getchar(){if(S==T){T=(S=buf)+fread(buf,1,SIZE,stdin);if(S==T)return'\n';}return *S++;}}namespace Fwrite{const int SIZE=1<<16;char buf[SIZE],*S=buf,*T=buf+SIZE;inline void flush(){fwrite(buf,1,S-buf,stdout);S=buf;}inline void putchar(char c){*S++=c;if(S==T)flush();}struct NTR{~NTR(){flush();}}ztr;}
#define getchar Fread::getchar
#define putchar Fwrite::putchar
int print_precision=10;bool print_T_endl=1;char print_between=' ';
template<typename T>struct is_char{static constexpr bool value=(std::is_same<T,char>::value||std::is_same<T,signed char>::value||std::is_same<T,unsigned char>::value);};template<typename T>struct is_integral_ex{static constexpr bool value=(std::is_integral<T>::value||std::is_same<T,__int128>::value)&&!is_char<T>::value;};template<typename T>struct is_floating_point_ex{static constexpr bool value=std::is_floating_point<T>::value||std::is_same<T,__float128>::value;};namespace Fastio{struct Reader;struct Writer;template<size_t id>struct read_tuple{template<typename...T>static void read(Reader&stream,std::tuple<T...>&x){read_tuple<id-1>::read(stream,x);stream>>get<id-1>(x);}};template<>struct read_tuple<0>{template<typename...T>static void read([[maybe_unused]]Reader&stream,[[maybe_unused]]std::tuple<T...>&x){}};template<size_t id>struct print_tuple{template<typename...T>static void print(Writer&stream,const std::tuple<T...>&x){print_tuple<id-1>::print(stream,x);putchar(print_between);stream<<get<id-1>(x);}};template<>struct print_tuple<1>{template<typename...T>static void print(Writer&stream,const std::tuple<T...>&x){stream<<get<0>(x);}};template<>struct print_tuple<0>{template<typename...T>static void print([[maybe_unused]]Writer&stream,[[maybe_unused]]const std::tuple<T...>&x){}};
struct Reader{template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_class<T>::value,Reader&>operator>>(T&x){for(auto &y:x)*this>>y;return *this;}template<typename...T>Reader&operator>>(std::tuple<T...>&x){read_tuple<sizeof...(T)>::read(*this,x);return *this;}template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<is_integral_ex<T>::value,Reader&>operator>>(T&x){char c=getchar();short f=1;while(c<'0'||c>'9'){if(c=='-')f*=-1;c=getchar();}x=0;while(c>='0'&&c<='9'){x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48);c=getchar();}x*=f;return *this;}template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<is_floating_point_ex<T>::value,Reader&>operator>>(T&x){char c=getchar();short f=1,s=0;x=0;T t=0;while((c<'0'||c>'9')&&c!='.'){if(c=='-')f*=-1;c=getchar();}while(c>='0'&&c<='9'&&c!='.')x=x*10+(c^48),c=getchar();if(c=='.')c=getchar();else return x*=f,*this;while(c>='0'&&c<='9')t=t*10+(c^48),s++,c=getchar();while(s--)t/=10.0;x=(x+t)*f;return*this;}template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<is_char<T>::value,Reader&>operator>>(T&c){c=getchar();while(c=='\n'||c==' '||c=='\r')c=getchar();return *this;}Reader&operator>>(char*str){int len=0;char c=getchar();while(c=='\n'||c==' '||c=='\r')c=getchar();while(c!='\n'&&c!=' '&&c!='\r')str[len++]=c,c=getchar();str[len]='\0';return*this;}template<typename T1,typename T2>Reader&operator>>(std::pair<T1,T2>&x){*this>>x.first>>x.second;return *this;}Reader&operator>>(std::string&str){str.clear();char c=getchar();while(c=='\n'||c==' '||c=='\r')c=getchar();while(c!='\n'&&c!=' '&&c!='\r')str.push_back(c),c=getchar();return*this;}Reader(){}}cin;const char endl='\n';
struct Writer{typedef __int128 mxdouble;template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_class<T>::value,Writer&>operator<<(const T&x){for(auto q:x){*this<<q;if(!is_class<decltype(q)>::value)*this<<print_between;}if(!is_class<typename T::value_type>::value&&print_T_endl)*this<<'\n';return *this;}template<typename...T>Writer&operator<<(const std::tuple<T...>&x){print_tuple<sizeof...(T)>::print(*this,x);if(print_T_endl)*this<<'\n';return *this;}template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<is_integral_ex<T>::value,Writer&>operator<<(T x){if(x==0)return putchar('0'),*this;if(x<0)putchar('-'),x=-x;static int sta[45];int top=0;while(x)sta[++top]=x%10,x/=10;while(top)putchar(sta[top]+'0'),--top;return*this;}template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<is_floating_point_ex<T>::value,Writer&>operator<<(T x){if(x<0)putchar('-'),x=-x;x+=pow(10,-print_precision)/2;mxdouble _=x;x-=(T)_;static int sta[45];int top=0;while(_)sta[++top]=_%10,_/=10;if(!top)putchar('0');while(top)putchar(sta[top]+'0'),--top;putchar('.');for(int i=0;i<print_precision;i++)x*=10;_=x;while(_)sta[++top]=_%10,_/=10;for(int i=0;i<print_precision-top;i++)putchar('0');while(top)putchar(sta[top]+'0'),--top;return*this;}template<typename T>typename std::enable_if_t<is_char<T>::value,Writer&>operator<<(const T&c){putchar(c);return*this;}Writer&operator<<(char*str){int cur=0;while(str[cur])putchar(str[cur++]);return *this;}Writer&operator<<(const char*str){int cur=0;while(str[cur])putchar(str[cur++]);return*this;}template<typename T1,typename T2>Writer&operator<<(const std::pair<T1,T2>&x){*this<<x.first<<print_between<<x.second;if(print_T_endl)*this<<'\n';return *this;}Writer&operator<<(const std::string&str){int st=0,ed=str.size();while(st<ed)putchar(str[st++]);return*this;}Writer(){}}cout;}
#define cin Fastio::cin
#define cout Fastio::cout
#define endl Fastio::endl
template<class Fun>class y_combinator_result{Fun fun_;public:template<class T>explicit y_combinator_result(T &&fun): fun_(std::forward<T>(fun)) {}template<class ...Args>decltype(auto) operator()(Args &&...args){return fun_(std::ref(*this), std::forward<Args>(args)...);}};template<class Fun>decltype(auto) y_combinator(Fun &&fun){return y_combinator_result<std::decay_t<Fun>>(std::forward<Fun>(fun));}
constexpr int lim=5000005;
int rt[2000001],id=0;
int son[2000001],bro[2000001],sz[2000001],fa[2000001];
struct node
{
	int ls,rs,tag;
}tr[lim+1];
bitset<lim+1>val;
int fr[lim+1],tl=0;
int newnode()
{
	int rt;
	if(tl)rt=fr[--tl];
	else
	{
		rt=++id;
	}
	tr[rt].ls=tr[rt].rs=tr[rt].tag=0;
	val[rt]=0;
	return rt;
}
void pushdown(int rt,int dep)
{
	if(tr[rt].tag)
	{
		if(tr[rt].tag>>dep&1)
		{
			int t=tr[rt].ls;
			tr[rt].ls=tr[rt].rs;
			tr[rt].rs=t;
		}
		tr[tr[rt].ls].tag^=tr[rt].tag;
		tr[tr[rt].rs].tag^=tr[rt].tag;
		tr[rt].tag=0;
	}
}
void pushup(int rt)
{
	val[rt]=val[tr[rt].ls]&val[tr[rt].rs];
}
int insert(int rt,int vv,int dep)
{
	if(!rt)rt=newnode();
	pushdown(rt,dep);
	if(dep<0){val[rt]=1;return rt;}
	if(vv>>dep&1)tr[rt].rs=insert(tr[rt].rs,vv,dep-1);
	else tr[rt].ls=insert(tr[rt].ls,vv,dep-1);
	pushup(rt);
	return rt;
}
int merge(int x,int y,int dep)
{
	if(!x||!y){x|=y;return x;}
	if(dep<0)return x;
	pushdown(x,dep);
	pushdown(y,dep);
	tr[x].ls=merge(tr[x].ls,tr[y].ls,dep-1);
	tr[x].rs=merge(tr[x].rs,tr[y].rs,dep-1);
	fr[tl++]=y;
	pushup(x);
	return x;
}
int mex(int rt)
{
	int res=0;
	for(int x=20;x>=0;x--)
	{
		pushdown(rt,x);
		if(!val[tr[rt].ls])rt=tr[rt].ls;
		else rt=tr[rt].rs,res^=1<<x;
	}
	return res;
}
int sta[2000001],vv[2000001],g[2000001];
int main()
{
	int T;
	cin>>T;
	int ans=0;
	while(T--)
	{
		int n;
		cin>>n;
		for(int x=1;x<=n;x++)
		son[x]=0,rt[x]=0,sz[x]=1,g[x]=0,vv[x]=0;
		tl=0;
		id=0;
		for(int x=2;x<=n;x++)
		{
			cin>>fa[x];
			bro[x]=son[fa[x]];
			son[fa[x]]=x;
		}
		for(int x=n;x>=1;x--)sz[fa[x]]+=sz[x];
		int ntl=0;
		sta[ntl++]=1;
		while(ntl>0)
		{
			int u=sta[ntl-1];
			if(vv[u])
			{
				rt[u]=insert(rt[u],g[u],20);
				int tag=mex(rt[u]);
				if(fa[u])
				{
					tr[rt[u]].tag^=g[fa[u]];
					tr[rt[fa[u]]].tag^=tag;
					g[fa[u]]^=tag;
					rt[fa[u]]=merge(rt[fa[u]],rt[u],20);
				}
				ntl--;
				continue;
			}
			vv[u]=1;
			int mxs=0;
			for(int v=son[u];v;v=bro[v])
			if(sz[v]>sz[mxs])mxs=v;
			for(int v=son[u];v;v=bro[v])
			if(v!=mxs)sta[ntl++]=v;
			sta[ntl++]=mxs;
		}
		ans^=mex(rt[1]);
	}
	cout<<ans<<endl;
}