#pragma GCC optimize(3, "Ofast", "inline")
#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define IOS ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0)
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define L_INF 0x7f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f
#define db cout << "debug\n";

using namespace std;
const int Mod = 998244353;
using ll = long long;

void solve()
{
    ll p, m;
    cin >> p >> m;
    int ppp = 0;
    if (p >= m)
    {
        cout << 1 << '\n';
        return;
    }
    ll l = 0;
    ll r = 1e18;
    while (l <= r)
    {
        ll mid = l + r >> 1;
        if (mid >= m || mid * p + 1 > m)
        {
            r = mid - 1;
        }
        else
        {
            l = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    cout << l << '\n';
}
int main()
{
    IOS;
// freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
// freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    clock_t start_time = clock();
#endif
    int t = 1;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--)
    {
        solve();
    }
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    cout << "Used " << (double)(clock() - start_time) << " ms" << endl;
#endif
    return 0;
}