#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, int> pli;
typedef array<int, 3> ai3;
const ll inf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fll;
const int Mod = 998244353;
const int inv[5] = {0, 1, (Mod+1) / 2, (Mod+1) / 3};
inline int sign(int a){ return (a&1) ? (Mod-1) : 1; }
inline void uadd(int &a, int b){ a += b-Mod; a += (a>>31) & Mod; }
inline void usub(int &a, int b){ a -= b, a += (a>>31) & Mod; }
inline void umul(int &a, int b){ a = (int)(1ll * a * b % Mod); }
inline int add(int a, int b){ a += b-Mod; a += (a>>31) & Mod; return a; }
inline int sub(int a, int b){ a -= b, a += (a>>31) & Mod; return a; }
inline int mul(int a, int b){ a = (int)(1ll * a * b % Mod); return a; }
int qpow(int b, int p){ int ret = 1; while(p){ if(p&1) umul(ret, b); umul(b, b), p >>= 1; } return ret; }
const int fN = 111;
int fact[fN], invfact[fN], pw2[fN], invpw2[fN];
void initfact(int n){
	pw2[0] = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) pw2[i] = mul(pw2[i-1], 2);
	invpw2[0] = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) invpw2[i] = mul(invpw2[i-1], (Mod+1) / 2);
	fact[0] = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) fact[i] = mul(fact[i-1], i);
	invfact[n] = qpow(fact[n], Mod-2); for(int i = n; i > 0; --i) invfact[i-1] = mul(invfact[i], i);
}
int binom(int n, int m){ return (m < 0 || m > n) ? 0 : mul(fact[n], mul(invfact[m], invfact[n-m])); }
const double pi = acos(-1);
inline void chmax(int &a, int b){ (b>a) ? (a=b) : 0; }
inline void chmin(int &a, int b){ (b<a) ? (a=b) : 0; }

int main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0);

	int T;
	cin >> T;
	while(T--){
		ll P, m;
		cin >> P >> m;
		ll k = (m / P);
ll ret=k+(m%P!=0);
if(m==0)ret+=(((P-1)^m)%P==1);
		cout << ret << "\n";
	}

	return 0;
}