#include <bits/stdc++.h>
    
using namespace std;
    
typedef long long ll;
const int  N = 1e6 + 12, MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;

int n, s[N];
ll dp[N][2], f[N], ans = 0;
vector<int> g[N];

void calc(int v) {
    s[v] = 1;
    ll sum = 0;
    vector<pair<ll, ll>> d;
    int m = 0;
    for(int to:g[v]) {
        calc(to);
        s[v] += s[to];
        sum += dp[to][1];
        d.push_back({dp[to][0] - dp[to][1] + s[to] * 2, to});
        d.push_back({f[to], to});
    }
    ans += s[v] * 2;
    if(s[v] == 1) return;
    dp[v][0] = dp[v][1] = sum;  
    sort(d.rbegin(), d.rend());
    dp[v][0] += d[0].first;
    dp[v][1] += d[0].first + d[1].first;
    for(int to:g[v]) {
        if(to == d[0].second) {
            f[to] = max(f[v], f[to]);
        } else {
            f[to] = max(f[to], dp[to][0] - dp[to][1] + s[to] * 2);
        }
    }
}
void test() {
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        int p;
        cin >> p;
        g[p].push_back(i);
    }
    calc(1);
    cout << ans - max(dp[1][0], dp[1][1]);
}
int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0); 
    
    int t = 1; 
    // cin >> t;
    
    while(t--) 
        test();
    return 0;
}