#include <bits/stdc++.h>
    
using namespace std;
    
typedef long long ll;
const int  N = 1e6 + 12, MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;

vector<int> g[N];
int s[N], n;
ll ans = 0, dp[N][2];
void calc(int v) {
    s[v] = 1;
    ll sum = 0;
    vector<ll> d;
    int m = 0;
    for(int to:g[v]) {
        calc(to);
        s[v] += s[to];
        sum += dp[to][1];
        d.push_back(dp[to][0] - dp[to][1] + s[to] * 2);
        m++;
    }
    sort(d.rbegin(), d.rend());
    dp[v][0] = dp[v][1] = sum;
    ans += s[v] * 2;
    if(m >= 1) {
        dp[v][0] += d[0];
        dp[v][1] += d[0];
    }
    if(m >= 2) {
        dp[v][1] += d[1];
    }
}
void test() {
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        int p;
        cin >> p;
        g[p].push_back(i);
    }
    calc(1);
    cout << ans - max(dp[1][0], dp[1][1]) << '\n';
}
int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0); 
    
    int t = 1; 
    // cin >> t;
    
    while(t--) 
        test();
    return 0;
}