#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int O = 1e4 + 5;

int n, k, a[O][O];

main(){
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
    int t; cin >> t;
    while (t --){
        cin >> n >> k;

        memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));

        a[0][0] = k - 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++ i){
            for (int j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; ++ j){
                int x = a[i][j];
                int z = (a[i][j] + 1)  / 2;;
                a[i][j + 1] += z;
                a[i + 1][j] += x - z;
            }
        }

        int x = 0, y = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++ i){
            if (a[x][y] & 1) x += 1;
            else y += 1;
        }

        cout << x << "\n";
    }

}
/**
**/