#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i,a,n) for (int i=a;i<n;i++)
#define per(i,a,n) for (int i=n-1;i>=a;i--)
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef basic_string<int> BI;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int,int> PII;
typedef double db;
mt19937 mrand(random_device{}()); 
const ll mod=1000000007;
int rnd(int x) { return mrand() % x;}
ll powmod(ll a,ll b) {ll res=1;a%=mod; assert(b>=0); for(;b;b>>=1){if(b&1)res=res*a%mod;a=a*a%mod;}return res;}
ll gcd(ll a,ll b) { return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
// head

const int N=201000;
int n,lef;
vector<int> p, w;
VI son[N];

void init(std::vector<int> P, std::vector<int> W) {
  p = P;
  w = W;
  n = (int)p.size();
  rep(i,1,n) son[p[i]].pb(i);
  lef=0;
  rep(i,0,n) if (SZ(son[i])==0) lef++;
}

long long query(int L, int R) {
  return max((ll)lef*L-R,0ll);
  //return n * (long long)(R - L);
}