#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll __int128
#define endl '\n'

__int128 read() {
    __int128 x = 0, f = 1;
    char ch = getchar();
    while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
        if (ch == '-') f = -1;
        ch = getchar();
    }
    while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
        x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
        ch = getchar();
    }
    return x * f;
}
void print(__int128 x) {
    if (x < 0) {
        putchar('-');
        x = -x;
    }
    if (x > 9) print(x / 10);
    putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}
bool cmp(__int128 x, __int128 y) { return x > y; }

int main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0);
	ll t;
	t = read();
	while(t--){
	    ll n, d;
	    n = read();
	    d = read();
	    ll a=1;
	    for(ll i=0; ; i++){
	        if(i) a *= 2;
	        ll p = d;
	        ll res = 1;
	        bool ok = 0;
	        while(p && !ok){
	            if(p & 1){
	                res = res * a;
	                if(res >= n) ok = 1;
	            }
	            p /= 2;
	            if(!p) continue;
	            a = a * a;
	            if(a >= n) ok = 1;
	        }
	        if(ok){
	            print(i);
	            putchar('\n');
	            break;
	        }
	    }
	}
}