#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define ll long long
#define all(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define pb push_back
#define f first
#define s second

int main()
{
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0);
    if (fopen("input.in", "r")) {
        freopen("input.in", "r", stdin);
        freopen("output.out", "w", stdout);
    }
    int t; cin>>t;
    while(t--){
        ll n, d;
        cin>>n>>d;
        if(n == 1) {
            cout<<0<<"\n";
        }
        else {
            ll p2 = 1;
            for(int i=1; i<=60; i++){
                p2 *= (ll)2;
                if((p2 - 1) * d + 1 >= n) {
                    cout<<i<<"\n";
                    break;
                }
                assert(i != 60);
            }
        }
        
    }
}