#ifndef LOCAL
#pragma GCC optimize ("Ofast")
#pragma GCC optimize ("unroll-loops")
#endif

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

using ll=long long;
#define int ll

#define rng(i,a,b) for(int i=int(a);i<int(b);i++)
#define rep(i,b) rng(i,0,b)
#define gnr(i,a,b) for(int i=int(b)-1;i>=int(a);i--)
#define per(i,b) gnr(i,0,b)
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define a first
#define b second
#define bg begin()
#define ed end()
#define all(x) x.bg,x.ed
#define si(x) int(x.size())
#ifdef LOCAL
#define dmp(x) cerr<<__LINE__<<" "<<#x<<" "<<x<<endl
#else
#define dmp(x) void(0)
#endif

template<class t,class u> bool chmax(t&a,u b){if(a<b){a=b;return true;}else return false;}
template<class t,class u> bool chmin(t&a,u b){if(b<a){a=b;return true;}else return false;}

template<class t> using vc=vector<t>;
template<class t> using vvc=vc<vc<t>>;

using pi=pair<int,int>;
using vi=vc<int>;

template<class t,class u>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const pair<t,u>& p){
	return os<<"{"<<p.a<<","<<p.b<<"}";
}

template<class t> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const vc<t>& v){
	os<<"{";
	for(auto e:v)os<<e<<",";
	return os<<"}";
}

#define mp make_pair
#define mt make_tuple
#define one(x) memset(x,-1,sizeof(x))
#define zero(x) memset(x,0,sizeof(x))
#ifdef LOCAL
void dmpr(ostream&os){os<<endl;}
template<class T,class... Args>
void dmpr(ostream&os,const T&t,const Args&... args){
	os<<t<<" ";
	dmpr(os,args...);
}
#define dmp2(...) dmpr(cerr,__LINE__,##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define dmp2(...) void(0)
#endif

using uint=unsigned;
using ull=unsigned long long;

template<class t,size_t n>
ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const array<t,n>&a){
	return os<<vc<t>(all(a));
}

template<int i,class T>
void print_tuple(ostream&,const T&){
}

template<int i,class T,class H,class ...Args>
void print_tuple(ostream&os,const T&t){
	if(i)os<<",";
	os<<get<i>(t);
	print_tuple<i+1,T,Args...>(os,t);
}

template<class ...Args>
ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const tuple<Args...>&t){
	os<<"{";
	print_tuple<0,tuple<Args...>,Args...>(os,t);
	return os<<"}";
}

ll read(){
	ll i;
	cin>>i;
	return i;
}

vi readvi(int n,int off=0){
	vi v(n);
	rep(i,n)v[i]=read()+off;
	return v;
}

pi readpi(int off=0){
	int a,b;cin>>a>>b;
	return pi(a+off,b+off);
}

template<class t>
void print_single(t x,int suc=1){
	cout<<x;
	if(suc==1)
		cout<<"\n";
	if(suc==2)
		cout<<" ";
}

template<class t,class u>
void print_single(const pair<t,u>&p,int suc=1){
	print_single(p.a,2);
	print_single(p.b,suc);
}

template<class T>
void print_single(const vector<T>&v,int suc=1){
	rep(i,v.size())
		print_single(v[i],i==int(v.size())-1?suc:2);
}

template<class T>
void print_offset(const vector<T>&v,ll off,int suc=1){
	rep(i,v.size())
		print_single(v[i]+off,i==int(v.size())-1?suc:2);
}

template<class T,size_t N>
void print_single(const array<T,N>&v,int suc=1){
	rep(i,N)
		print_single(v[i],i==int(N)-1?suc:2);
}

template<class T>
void print(const T&t){
	print_single(t);
}

template<class T,class ...Args>
void print(const T&t,const Args&...args){
	print_single(t,2);
	print(args...);
}

string readString(){
	string s;
	cin>>s;
	return s;
}

template<class T>
T sq(const T& t){
	return t*t;
}

void YES(bool ex=true){
	cout<<"YES\n";
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}
void NO(bool ex=true){
	cout<<"NO\n";
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}
void Yes(bool ex=true){
	cout<<"Yes\n";
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}
void No(bool ex=true){
	cout<<"No\n";
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}
//#define CAPITAL
/*
void yes(bool ex=true){
	#ifdef CAPITAL
	cout<<"YES"<<"\n";
	#else
	cout<<"Yes"<<"\n";
	#endif
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}
void no(bool ex=true){
	#ifdef CAPITAL
	cout<<"NO"<<"\n";
	#else
	cout<<"No"<<"\n";
	#endif
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}*/
void possible(bool ex=true){
	#ifdef CAPITAL
	cout<<"POSSIBLE"<<"\n";
	#else
	cout<<"Possible"<<"\n";
	#endif
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}
void impossible(bool ex=true){
	#ifdef CAPITAL
	cout<<"IMPOSSIBLE"<<"\n";
	#else
	cout<<"Impossible"<<"\n";
	#endif
	if(ex)exit(0);
	#ifdef LOCAL
	cout.flush();
	#endif
}

constexpr ll ten(int n){
	return n==0?1:ten(n-1)*10;
}

const ll infLL=LLONG_MAX/3;

#ifdef int
const int inf=infLL;
#else
const int inf=INT_MAX/2-100;
#endif

int topbit(signed t){
	return t==0?-1:31-__builtin_clz(t);
}
int topbit(ll t){
	return t==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll(t);
}
int topbit(ull t){
	return t==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll(t);
}
int botbit(signed a){
	return a==0?32:__builtin_ctz(a);
}
int botbit(ll a){
	return a==0?64:__builtin_ctzll(a);
}
int botbit(ull a){
	return a==0?64:__builtin_ctzll(a);
}
int popcount(signed t){
	return __builtin_popcount(t);
}
int popcount(ll t){
	return __builtin_popcountll(t);
}
int popcount(ull t){
	return __builtin_popcountll(t);
}
int bitparity(ll t){
	return __builtin_parityll(t);
}
bool ispow2(int i){
	return i&&(i&-i)==i;
}
ll mask(int i){
	return (ll(1)<<i)-1;
}
ull umask(int i){
	return (ull(1)<<i)-1;
}
ll minp2(ll n){
	if(n<=1)return 1;
	else return ll(1)<<(topbit(n-1)+1);
}

bool inc(int a,int b,int c){
	return a<=b&&b<=c;
}

template<class t> void mkuni(vc<t>&v){
	sort(all(v));
	v.erase(unique(all(v)),v.ed);
}

ll rand_int(ll l, ll r) { //[l, r]
	//#ifdef LOCAL
	static mt19937_64 gen;
	/*#else
	static mt19937_64 gen(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
	#endif*/
	return uniform_int_distribution<ll>(l, r)(gen);
}

ll rand_int(ll k){ //[0,k)
	return rand_int(0,k-1);
}

template<class t>
void myshuffle(vc<t>&a){
	rep(i,si(a))swap(a[i],a[rand_int(0,i)]);
}

template<class t,class u>
int lwb(const vc<t>&v,const u&a){
	return lower_bound(all(v),a)-v.bg;
}
template<class t,class u>
bool bis(const vc<t>&v,const u&a){
	return binary_search(all(v),a);
}

vvc<int> readGraph(int n,int m){
	vvc<int> g(n);
	rep(i,m){
		int a,b;
		cin>>a>>b;
		//sc.read(a,b);
		a--;b--;
		g[a].pb(b);
		g[b].pb(a);
	}
	return g;
}

vvc<int> readTree(int n){
	return readGraph(n,n-1);
}

template<class t>
vc<t> presum(const vc<t>&a){
	vc<t> s(si(a)+1);
	rep(i,si(a))s[i+1]=s[i]+a[i];
	return s;
}
vc<ll> presum(const vi&a){
	vc<ll> s(si(a)+1);
	rep(i,si(a))s[i+1]=s[i]+a[i];
	return s;
}
//BIT で数列を管理するときに使う (CF850C)
template<class t>
vc<t> predif(vc<t> a){
	gnr(i,1,si(a))a[i]-=a[i-1];
	return a;
}
template<class t>
vvc<ll> imos(const vvc<t>&a){
	int n=si(a),m=si(a[0]);
	vvc<ll> b(n+1,vc<ll>(m+1));
	rep(i,n)rep(j,m)
		b[i+1][j+1]=b[i+1][j]+b[i][j+1]-b[i][j]+a[i][j];
	return b;
}

//verify してないや
void transvvc(int&n,int&m){
	swap(n,m);
}
template<class t,class... Args>
void transvvc(int&n,int&m,vvc<t>&a,Args&...args){
	assert(si(a)==n);
	vvc<t> b(m,vi(n));
	rep(i,n){
		assert(si(a[i])==m);
		rep(j,m)b[j][i]=a[i][j];
	}
	a.swap(b);
	transvvc(n,m,args...);
}
//CF854E
void rotvvc(int&n,int&m){
	swap(n,m);
}
template<class t,class... Args>
void rotvvc(int&n,int&m,vvc<t>&a,Args&...args){
	assert(si(a)==n);
	vvc<t> b(m,vi(n));
	rep(i,n){
		assert(si(a[i])==m);
		rep(j,m)b[m-1-j][i]=a[i][j];
	}
	a.swap(b);
	rotvvc(n,m,args...);
}

//ソートして i 番目が idx[i]
//CF850C
template<class t>
vi sortidx(const vc<t>&a){
	int n=si(a);
	vi idx(n);iota(all(idx),0);
	sort(all(idx),[&](int i,int j){return a[i]<a[j];});
	return idx;
}
//vs[i]=a[idx[i]]
//例えば sortidx で得た idx を使えば単にソート列になって返ってくる
//CF850C
template<class t>
vc<t> a_idx(const vc<t>&a,const vi&idx){
	int n=si(a);
	assert(si(idx)==n);
	vc<t> vs(n);
	rep(i,n)vs[i]=a[idx[i]];
	return vs;
}
//CF850C
vi invperm(const vi&p){
	int n=si(p);
	vi q(n);
	rep(i,n)q[p[i]]=i;
	return q;
}

template<class t,class s=t>
s SUM(const vc<t>&a){
	return accumulate(all(a),s(0));
}
template<class t,size_t K,class s=t>
s SUM(const array<t,K>&a){
	return accumulate(all(a),s(0));
}

template<class t>
t MAX(const vc<t>&a){
	return *max_element(all(a));
}

template<class t>
pair<t,int> MAXi(const vc<t>&a){
	auto itr=max_element(all(a));
	return mp(*itr,itr-a.bg);
}

template<class A>
auto MIN(const A&a){
	return *min_element(all(a));
}

template<class t>
pair<t,int> MINi(const vc<t>&a){
	auto itr=min_element(all(a));
	return mp(*itr,itr-a.bg);
}

vi vid(int n){
	vi res(n);iota(all(res),0);
	return res;
}

template<class S>
void soin(S&s){
	sort(all(s));
}

template<class S,class F>
void soin(S&s,F&&f){
	sort(all(s),forward<F>(f));
}

template<class S>
S soout(S s){
	soin(s);
	return s;
}

template<class S>
void rein(S&s){
	reverse(all(s));
}

template<class S>
S reout(S s){
	rein(s);
	return s;
}

template<class t,class u>
pair<t,u>&operator+=(pair<t,u>&a,pair<t,u> b){
	a.a+=b.a;a.b+=b.b;return a;}
template<class t,class u>
pair<t,u>&operator-=(pair<t,u>&a,pair<t,u> b){
	a.a-=b.a;a.b-=b.b;return a;}
template<class t,class u>
pair<t,u> operator+(pair<t,u> a,pair<t,u> b){return mp(a.a+b.a,a.b+b.b);}
template<class t,class u>
pair<t,u> operator-(pair<t,u> a,pair<t,u> b){return mp(a.a-b.a,a.b-b.b);}
template<class t,class u>
pair<t,u> operator-(pair<t,u> a){return mp(-a.a,-a.b);}
template<class t,class u>
istream&operator>>(istream&is,pair<t,u>&a){
	return is>>a.a>>a.b;
}

template<class t>
t gpp(vc<t>&vs){
	assert(si(vs));
	t res=move(vs.back());
	vs.pop_back();
	return res;
}

template<class t,class u>
void pb(vc<t>&a,const vc<u>&b){
	a.insert(a.ed,all(b));
}

template<class t,class...Args>
vc<t> cat(vc<t> a,Args&&...b){
	(pb(a,forward<Args>(b)),...);
	return a;
}

template<class t,class u>
vc<t>& operator+=(vc<t>&a,u x){
	for(auto&v:a)v+=x;
	return a;
}

template<class t,class u>
vc<t> operator+(vc<t> a,u x){
	return a+=x;
}

template<class t>
vc<t> operator+(const vc<t>&a,const vc<t>&b){
	vc<t> c(max(si(a),si(b)));
	rep(i,si(a))c[i]+=a[i];
	rep(i,si(b))c[i]+=b[i];
	return c;
}

template<class t,class u>
vc<t>& operator-=(vc<t>&a,u x){
	for(auto&v:a)v-=x;
	return a;
}

template<class t,class u>
vc<t>& operator-(vc<t> a,u x){
	return a-=x;
}

template<class t,class u>
void remval(vc<t>&a,const u&v){
	a.erase(remove(all(a),v),a.ed);
}
//消した要素の個数を返してくれる
//UCUP 2-8-F
template<class t,class F>
int remif(vc<t>&a,F f){
	auto itr=remove_if(all(a),f);
	int res=a.ed-itr;
	a.erase(itr,a.ed);
	return res;
}

template<class VS,class u>
void fila(VS&vs,const u&a){
	fill(all(vs),a);
}

template<class t,class u>
int findid(const vc<t>&vs,const u&a){
	auto itr=find(all(vs),a);
	if(itr==vs.ed)return -1;
	else return itr-vs.bg;
}

template<class t>
void rtt(vc<t>&vs,int i){
	rotate(vs.bg,vs.bg+i,vs.ed);
}

bool dbg=false;

//O(N+max(A)) なので座標圧縮してから動かしてください
//Verify yosupo (N=500000,string,43ms)
template<class t>vi sais(t a){
	int n=si(a),m=*max_element(all(a))+1;
	vi pos(m+1),x(m),sa(n),val(n),lms;
	for(auto c:a)pos[c+1]++;
	rep(i,m)pos[i+1]+=pos[i];
	vc<bool> s(n);
	per(i,n-1)s[i]=a[i]!=a[i+1]?a[i]<a[i+1]:s[i+1];
	auto ind=[&](const vi&ls){
		fill(all(sa),-1);
		auto L=[&](int i){if(i>=0&&!s[i])sa[x[a[i]]++]=i;};
		auto S=[&](int i){if(i>=0&& s[i])sa[--x[a[i]]]=i;};
		rep(i,m)x[i]=pos[i+1];
		per(i,si(ls))S(ls[i]);
		rep(i,m)x[i]=pos[i];
		L(n-1);
		rep(i,n)L(sa[i]-1);
		rep(i,m)x[i]=pos[i+1];
		per(i,n)S(sa[i]-1);
	};
	auto ok=[&](int i){return i==n||(!s[i-1]&&s[i]);};
	auto same=[&](int i,int j){
		do{
			if(a[i++]!=a[j++])return false;
		}while(!ok(i)&&!ok(j));
		return ok(i)&&ok(j);
	};
	rng(i,1,n)if(ok(i))lms.pb(i);
	ind(lms);
	if(si(lms)){
		int p=-1,w=0;
		for(auto v:sa)if(v&&ok(v)){
			if(p!=-1&&same(p,v))w--;
			val[p=v]=w++;
		}
		vi b=lms;
		for(auto&v:b)v=val[v];
		b=sais(b);
		for(auto&v:b)v=lms[v];
		ind(b);
	}
	return sa;
}

struct SA{
	int n;
	vi sa,as,lcp;
	template<class t> SA(t s):n(si(s)),as(n),lcp(n-1){
		{//座標圧縮,値域が小さいなら skip 可
			auto vs=s;mkuni(vs);
			for(auto&v:s)v=lwb(vs,v);
		}
		sa=sais(s);
		//as
		rep(i,n)as[sa[i]]=i;
		//lcp
		int w=0;
		for(auto i:as){
			if(w)w--;
			if(i<n-1){
				while(max(sa[i],sa[i+1])+w<n&&s[sa[i]+w]==s[sa[i+1]+w]) w++;
				lcp[i]=w;
			}
		}
	}
};

//VERIFY: yosupo
//AOJGRL5C
template<class t,class u>
struct sparsetable{
	vvc<t> a;
	u f;
	const t id;
	sparsetable(const vc<t>& d,u ff,t w):f(ff),id(w){
		if(d.empty())return;
		int n=d.size(),h=topbit(n);
		a.resize(h+1);
		a[0]=d;
		rng(j,1,h+1){
			a[j].resize(n-(1<<j)+1);
			rep(i,n-(1<<j)+1)
				a[j][i]=f(a[j-1][i],a[j-1][i+(1<<(j-1))]);
		}
	}
	t get(int b,int e){
		assert(b<=e);
		if(b==e)return id;
		int d=topbit(e-b);
		return f(a[d][b],a[d][e-(1<<d)]);
	}
};
const auto imin=[](int a,int b){
	return min(a,b);
};
using minst=sparsetable<int,decltype(imin)>;

//Xmas2012B
template<class S>
struct string_cmp{
	S s;
	int n;
	SA sa;
	minst t;
	string_cmp(const S&ss):s(ss),n(si(s)),sa(s),t(sa.lcp,imin,inf){}
	int getlcp(int i,int j){
		if(i==n||j==n)return 0;
		if(i==j)return n-i;
		i=sa.as[i];
		j=sa.as[j];
		if(i>j)swap(i,j);
		return t.get(i,j);
	}
	int cmpchar(int i,int j){
		assert(0<=i&&i<n);
		assert(0<=j&&j<n);
		assert(s[i]!=s[j]);
		return s[i]<s[j]?-1:1;
	}
	//[a,b)<[c,d)-> -1
	//same -> 0
	//[a,b)>[c,d) -> 1
	int cmp(int a,int b,int c,int d){
		int len=min({getlcp(a,c),b-a,d-c});
		if(a+len==b&&c+len==d)return 0;
		if(a+len==b)return -1;
		if(c+len==d)return 1;
		return cmpchar(a+len,c+len);
	}
	//ABC240H
	int cmp(pi a,pi b){
		return cmp(a.a,a.b,b.a,b.b);
	}
	int cmp_samelen(int a,int b,int len){
		return cmp(a,a+len,b,b+len);
	}
	//[l,r] のリストを受け取り，それらを連結してできる文字列の比較をする
	//リストの長さ 2 の場合は verify (Xmas2012 B)
	int cmp_list(vc<pi> a,vc<pi> b){
		int i=0,j=0;
		while(1){
			while(i<si(a)&&a[i].a==a[i].b)i++;
			while(j<si(b)&&b[j].a==b[j].b)j++;
			if(i==si(a)&&j==si(b))return 0;
			if(i==si(a))return -1;
			if(j==si(b))return 1;
			int k=min(a[i].b-a[i].a,b[j].b-b[j].a);
			int x=cmp_samelen(a[i].a,b[j].a,k);
			if(x)return x;
			a[i].a+=k;
			b[j].a+=k;
		}
		assert(0);
	}
	//[l,r] のリストを受け取り，それらを連結してできる文字列の LCP を求める
	//UCUP 2-17-H
	int lcp_list(vc<pi> a,vc<pi> b){
		int i=0,j=0,res=0;
		while(1){
			while(i<si(a)&&a[i].a==a[i].b)i++;
			while(j<si(b)&&b[j].a==b[j].b)j++;
			if(i==si(a)||j==si(b))return res;
			int k=min(a[i].b-a[i].a,b[j].b-b[j].a);
			int x=getlcp(a[i].a,b[j].a);
			if(x<k)return res+x;
			res+=k;
			a[i].a+=k;
			b[j].a+=k;
		}
		assert(0);
	}
};

void slv(){
	int n;cin>>n;
	vi s=readvi(n,-1);
	rep(i,n)s.pb(i);
	
	string_cmp<vi> z(s);
	
	
	vi w(n);
	rep(i,n)
		w[i]=min(z.getlcp(0,i),n-i);
	
	dmp(w);
	
	int base=SUM(w);
	
	vvc<int> buf(n);
	rng(i,1,n){
		if(i+w[i]<n){
			buf[w[i]].pb(i);
			buf[i+w[i]].pb(i);
		}
	}
	
	vi ma(n+1),mb(n+1);
	auto add=[&](int l,int r,int v){
		//(-1)x+b=v
		//-l+b=v
		//dmp2(l,r,v);
		ma[l]+=-1;
		ma[r]-=-1;
		mb[l]+=l+v;
		mb[r]-=l+v;
	};
	
	rng(i,1,n){
		add(i,i+w[i],w[i]);
		add(0,min(w[i],i),w[i]);
	}
	
	rep(i,n){
		ma[i+1]+=ma[i];
		mb[i+1]+=mb[i];
	}
	
	//dmp(ma);
	//dmp(mb);
	
	vi ans(n,base);
	
	rep(i,n){
		dmp(i);
		int mx=0;
		
		map<int,vi> ls;
		for(auto j:buf[i]){
			if(w[j]==i){
				ls[s[j+w[j]]].pb(j);
			}else if(j+w[j]==i){
				ls[s[w[j]]].pb(j);
			}else assert(false);
		}
		for(auto [c,js]:ls){
			int dif=0;
			for(auto j:js){
				dif-=w[j];
				vc<pi> a;
				a.eb(0,i);
				a.eb(n+c,n+c+1);
				a.eb(i+1,n);
				
				vc<pi> b;
				if(j<i)b.eb(j,i);
				if(j<i+1)b.eb(n+c,n+c+1);
				b.eb(max(i+1,j),n);
				
				dmp2(a,b,z.lcp_list(a,b));
				dif+=z.lcp_list(a,b);
			}
			dmp2(c,js,dif);
			chmax(mx,dif);
		}
		
		dmp2(ma[i]*i+mb[i]);
		
		ans[i]+=mx-(ma[i]*i+mb[i]);
	}
	
	dmp(ans);
	
	int val=0;
	rep(i,n){
		val+=ans[i]^(i+1);
	}
	
	print(val);
}

signed main(){
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
	cout<<fixed<<setprecision(20);
	
	if(dbg){
		while(1)slv();
	}else{
		int t;cin>>t;rep(_,t)
		slv();
	}
}