#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
template<class T>bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T>bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (b<a) { a=b; return true; } return false; }
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mp make_pair
#define si(x) int(x.size())

const int mod1=999999893,mod2=999999937,MAX=200005,INF=1<<30;
 
struct Rollinghash{
    string S;
    int n;
    int base1;
    int base2;
    vector<ll> h1,h2,ru1,ru2;
    
    void make(string &T,int ba1,int ba2){
        S=T;
        n=S.size();
        h1.assign(n+1,0);
        h2.assign(n+1,0);
        ru1.assign(n+1,0);
        ru2.assign(n+1,0);
        base1=ba1;
        base2=ba2;
        
        ru1[0]=1;
        ru2[0]=1;
        
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            h1[i]=h1[i-1]*base1+ll(S[i-1]-'A');
            h1[i]%=mod1;
            
            h2[i]=h2[i-1]*base2+ll(S[i-1]-'A');
            h2[i]%=mod2;
            
            ru1[i]=ru1[i-1]*base1%mod1;
            ru2[i]=ru2[i-1]*base2%mod2;
        }
    }
    
    pair<ll,ll> ha(int l,int r){
        pair<ll,ll> res;
        res.fi=(h1[r]-h1[l]*ru1[r-l]%mod1+mod1)%mod1;
        res.se=(h2[r]-h2[l]*ru2[r-l]%mod2+mod2)%mod2;
        
        return res;
    }//開区間
};

// BIT セグ木 遅延セグ木 のみ

// from: https://gist.github.com/yosupo06/ddd51afb727600fd95d9d8ad6c3c80c9
// (based on AtCoder STL)

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
namespace atcoder {
    namespace internal {
        int ceil_pow2(int n) {
            int x = 0;
            while ((1U << x) < (unsigned int)(n)) x++;
            return x;
        }
        int bsf(unsigned int n) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
            unsigned long index;
            _BitScanForward(&index, n);
            return index;
#else
            return __builtin_ctz(n);
#endif
        }
    }  // namespace internal
    
}  // namespace atcoder

#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>
#include <type_traits>

namespace atcoder {
    
    namespace internal {
        
#ifndef _MSC_VER
        template <class T>
        using is_signed_int128 =
        typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value ||
        std::is_same<T, __int128>::value,
        std::true_type,
        std::false_type>::type;
        
        template <class T>
        using is_unsigned_int128 =
        typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __uint128_t>::value ||
        std::is_same<T, unsigned __int128>::value,
        std::true_type,
        std::false_type>::type;
        
        template <class T>
        using make_unsigned_int128 =
        typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value,
        __uint128_t,
        unsigned __int128>;
        
        template <class T>
        using is_integral = typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
        is_signed_int128<T>::value ||
        is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
        std::true_type,
        std::false_type>::type;
        
        template <class T>
        using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
                                                         std::is_signed<T>::value) ||
        is_signed_int128<T>::value,
        std::true_type,
        std::false_type>::type;
        
        template <class T>
        using is_unsigned_int =
        typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
                                   std::is_unsigned<T>::value) ||
        is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
        std::true_type,
        std::false_type>::type;
        
        template <class T>
        using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<
        is_signed_int128<T>::value,
        make_unsigned_int128<T>,
        typename std::conditional<std::is_signed<T>::value,
        std::make_unsigned<T>,
        std::common_type<T>>::type>::type;
        
#else
        
        template <class T> using is_integral = typename std::is_integral<T>;
        
        template <class T>
        using is_signed_int =
        typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value && std::is_signed<T>::value,
        std::true_type,
        std::false_type>::type;
        
        template <class T>
        using is_unsigned_int =
        typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value &&
        std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
        std::true_type,
        std::false_type>::type;
        
        template <class T>
        using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<is_signed_int<T>::value,
        std::make_unsigned<T>,
        std::common_type<T>>::type;
        
#endif
        
        template <class T>
        using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_signed_int<T>::value>;
        
        template <class T>
        using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_unsigned_int<T>::value>;
        
        template <class T> using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned<T>::type;
        
    }  // namespace internal
    
}  // namespace atcoder

#include <cassert>
#include <vector>

namespace atcoder {
    
    template <class T> struct fenwick_tree {
        using U = internal::to_unsigned_t<T>;
        
    public:
        fenwick_tree() : _n(0) {}
        fenwick_tree(int n) : _n(n), data(n) {}
        
        void add(int p, T x) {
            assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
            p++;
            while (p <= _n) {
                data[p - 1] += U(x);
                p += p & -p;
            }
        }
        
        T sum(int l, int r) {
            assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= _n);
            return sum(r) - sum(l);
        }
        
    private:
        int _n;
        std::vector<U> data;
        
        U sum(int r) {
            U s = 0;
            while (r > 0) {
                s += data[r - 1];
                r -= r & -r;
            }
            return s;
        }
    };
    
}  // namespace atcoder


#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
namespace atcoder {
    
    template <class S,
    S (*op)(S, S),
    S (*e)(),
    class F,
    S (*mapping)(F, S),
    F (*composition)(F, F),
    F (*id)()>
    struct lazy_segtree {
    public:
        lazy_segtree() : lazy_segtree(0) {}
        lazy_segtree(int n) : lazy_segtree(std::vector<S>(n, e())) {}
        lazy_segtree(const std::vector<S>& v) : _n(int(v.size())) {
            log = internal::ceil_pow2(_n);
            size = 1 << log;
            d = std::vector<S>(2 * size, e());
            lz = std::vector<F>(size, id());
            for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) d[size + i] = v[i];
            for (int i = size - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
                update(i);
            }
        }
        
        void set(int p, S x) {
            assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
            p += size;
            for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(p >> i);
            d[p] = x;
            for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) update(p >> i);
        }
        
        S get(int p) {
            assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
            p += size;
            for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(p >> i);
            return d[p];
        }
        
        S prod(int l, int r) {
            assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= _n);
            if (l == r) return e();
            
            l += size;
            r += size;
            
            for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) {
                if (((l >> i) << i) != l) push(l >> i);
                if (((r >> i) << i) != r) push(r >> i);
            }
            
            S sml = e(), smr = e();
            while (l < r) {
                if (l & 1) sml = op(sml, d[l++]);
                if (r & 1) smr = op(d[--r], smr);
                l >>= 1;
                r >>= 1;
            }
            
            return op(sml, smr);
        }
        
        S all_prod() { return d[1]; }
        
        void apply(int p, F f) {
            assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
            p += size;
            for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(p >> i);
            d[p] = mapping(f, d[p]);
            for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) update(p >> i);
        }
        void apply(int l, int r, F f) {
            assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= _n);
            if (l == r) return;
            
            l += size;
            r += size;
            
            for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) {
                if (((l >> i) << i) != l) push(l >> i);
                if (((r >> i) << i) != r) push((r - 1) >> i);
            }
            
            {
                int l2 = l, r2 = r;
                while (l < r) {
                    if (l & 1) all_apply(l++, f);
                    if (r & 1) all_apply(--r, f);
                    l >>= 1;
                    r >>= 1;
                }
                l = l2;
                r = r2;
            }
            
            for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) {
                if (((l >> i) << i) != l) update(l >> i);
                if (((r >> i) << i) != r) update((r - 1) >> i);
            }
        }
        
        template <bool (*g)(S)> int max_right(int l) {
            return max_right(l, [](S x) { return g(x); });
        }
        template <class G> int max_right(int l, G g) {
            assert(0 <= l && l <= _n);
            assert(g(e()));
            if (l == _n) return _n;
            l += size;
            for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(l >> i);
            S sm = e();
            do {
                while (l % 2 == 0) l >>= 1;
                if (!g(op(sm, d[l]))) {
                    while (l < size) {
                        push(l);
                        l = (2 * l);
                        if (g(op(sm, d[l]))) {
                            sm = op(sm, d[l]);
                            l++;
                        }
                    }
                    return l - size;
                }
                sm = op(sm, d[l]);
                l++;
            } while ((l & -l) != l);
            return _n;
        }
        
        template <bool (*g)(S)> int min_left(int r) {
            return min_left(r, [](S x) { return g(x); });
        }
        template <class G> int min_left(int r, G g) {
            assert(0 <= r && r <= _n);
            assert(g(e()));
            if (r == 0) return 0;
            r += size;
            for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push((r - 1) >> i);
            S sm = e();
            do {
                r--;
                while (r > 1 && (r % 2)) r >>= 1;
                if (!g(op(d[r], sm))) {
                    while (r < size) {
                        push(r);
                        r = (2 * r + 1);
                        if (g(op(d[r], sm))) {
                            sm = op(d[r], sm);
                            r--;
                        }
                    }
                    return r + 1 - size;
                }
                sm = op(d[r], sm);
            } while ((r & -r) != r);
            return 0;
        }
        
    private:
        int _n, size, log;
        std::vector<S> d;
        std::vector<F> lz;
        
        void update(int k) { d[k] = op(d[2 * k], d[2 * k + 1]); }
        void all_apply(int k, F f) {
            d[k] = mapping(f, d[k]);
            if (k < size) lz[k] = composition(f, lz[k]);
        }
        void push(int k) {
            all_apply(2 * k, lz[k]);
            all_apply(2 * k + 1, lz[k]);
            lz[k] = id();
        }
    };
    
}  // namespace atcoder

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>

namespace atcoder {
    
    template <class S, S (*op)(S, S), S (*e)()> struct segtree {
    public:
        segtree() : segtree(0) {}
        segtree(int n) : segtree(std::vector<S>(n, e())) {}
        segtree(const std::vector<S>& v) : _n(int(v.size())) {
            log = internal::ceil_pow2(_n);
            size = 1 << log;
            d = std::vector<S>(2 * size, e());
            for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) d[size + i] = v[i];
            for (int i = size - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
                update(i);
            }
        }
        
        void set(int p, S x) {
            assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
            p += size;
            d[p] = x;
            for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) update(p >> i);
        }
        
        S get(int p) {
            assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
            return d[p + size];
        }
        
        S prod(int l, int r) {
            assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= _n);
            S sml = e(), smr = e();
            l += size;
            r += size;
            
            while (l < r) {
                if (l & 1) sml = op(sml, d[l++]);
                if (r & 1) smr = op(d[--r], smr);
                l >>= 1;
                r >>= 1;
            }
            return op(sml, smr);
        }
        
        S all_prod() { return d[1]; }
        
        template <bool (*f)(S)> int max_right(int l) {
            return max_right(l, [](S x) { return f(x); });
        }
        template <class F> int max_right(int l, F f) {
            assert(0 <= l && l <= _n);
            assert(f(e()));
            if (l == _n) return _n;
            l += size;
            S sm = e();
            do {
                while (l % 2 == 0) l >>= 1;
                if (!f(op(sm, d[l]))) {
                    while (l < size) {
                        l = (2 * l);
                        if (f(op(sm, d[l]))) {
                            sm = op(sm, d[l]);
                            l++;
                        }
                    }
                    return l - size;
                }
                sm = op(sm, d[l]);
                l++;
            } while ((l & -l) != l);
            return _n;
        }
        
        template <bool (*f)(S)> int min_left(int r) {
            return min_left(r, [](S x) { return f(x); });
        }
        template <class F> int min_left(int r, F f) {
            assert(0 <= r && r <= _n);
            assert(f(e()));
            if (r == 0) return 0;
            r += size;
            S sm = e();
            do {
                r--;
                while (r > 1 && (r % 2)) r >>= 1;
                if (!f(op(d[r], sm))) {
                    while (r < size) {
                        r = (2 * r + 1);
                        if (f(op(d[r], sm))) {
                            sm = op(d[r], sm);
                            r--;
                        }
                    }
                    return r + 1 - size;
                }
                sm = op(d[r], sm);
            } while ((r & -r) != r);
            return 0;
        }
        
    private:
        int _n, size, log;
        std::vector<S> d;
        
        void update(int k) { d[k] = op(d[2 * k], d[2 * k + 1]); }
    };
    
}  // namespace atcoder

using TT=int;

TT ff(TT a,TT b){
    return min(a,b);
}

TT titi(){
    return INF;
}

// 文字列

// from: https://gist.github.com/yosupo06/ddd51afb727600fd95d9d8ad6c3c80c9
// (based on AtCoder STL)


namespace atcoder {
    
    namespace internal {
        
        std::vector<int> sa_naive(const std::vector<int>& s) {
            int n = int(s.size());
            std::vector<int> sa(n);
            std::iota(sa.begin(), sa.end(), 0);
            std::sort(sa.begin(), sa.end(), [&](int l, int r) {
                if (l == r) return false;
                while (l < n && r < n) {
                    if (s[l] != s[r]) return s[l] < s[r];
                    l++;
                    r++;
                }
                return l == n;
            });
            return sa;
        }
        
        std::vector<int> sa_doubling(const std::vector<int>& s) {
            int n = int(s.size());
            std::vector<int> sa(n), rnk = s, tmp(n);
            std::iota(sa.begin(), sa.end(), 0);
            for (int k = 1; k < n; k *= 2) {
                auto cmp = [&](int x, int y) {
                    if (rnk[x] != rnk[y]) return rnk[x] < rnk[y];
                    int rx = x + k < n ? rnk[x + k] : -1;
                    int ry = y + k < n ? rnk[y + k] : -1;
                    return rx < ry;
                };
                std::sort(sa.begin(), sa.end(), cmp);
                tmp[sa[0]] = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
                    tmp[sa[i]] = tmp[sa[i - 1]] + (cmp(sa[i - 1], sa[i]) ? 1 : 0);
                }
                std::swap(tmp, rnk);
            }
            return sa;
        }
        
        template <int THRESHOLD_NAIVE = 10, int THRESHOLD_DOUBLING = 40>
        std::vector<int> sa_is(const std::vector<int>& s, int upper) {
            int n = int(s.size());
            if (n == 0) return {};
            if (n == 1) return {0};
            if (n == 2) {
                if (s[0] < s[1]) {
                    return {0, 1};
                } else {
                    return {1, 0};
                }
            }
            if (n < THRESHOLD_NAIVE) {
                return sa_naive(s);
            }
            if (n < THRESHOLD_DOUBLING) {
                return sa_doubling(s);
            }
            
            std::vector<int> sa(n);
            std::vector<bool> ls(n);
            for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
                ls[i] = (s[i] == s[i + 1]) ? ls[i + 1] : (s[i] < s[i + 1]);
            }
            std::vector<int> sum_l(upper + 1), sum_s(upper + 1);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if (!ls[i]) {
                    sum_s[s[i]]++;
                } else {
                    sum_l[s[i] + 1]++;
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i <= upper; i++) {
                sum_s[i] += sum_l[i];
                if (i < upper) sum_l[i + 1] += sum_s[i];
            }
            
            auto induce = [&](const std::vector<int>& lms) {
                std::fill(sa.begin(), sa.end(), -1);
                std::vector<int> buf(upper + 1);
                std::copy(sum_s.begin(), sum_s.end(), buf.begin());
                for (auto d : lms) {
                    if (d == n) continue;
                    sa[buf[s[d]]++] = d;
                }
                std::copy(sum_l.begin(), sum_l.end(), buf.begin());
                sa[buf[s[n - 1]]++] = n - 1;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    int v = sa[i];
                    if (v >= 1 && !ls[v - 1]) {
                        sa[buf[s[v - 1]]++] = v - 1;
                    }
                }
                std::copy(sum_l.begin(), sum_l.end(), buf.begin());
                for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    int v = sa[i];
                    if (v >= 1 && ls[v - 1]) {
                        sa[--buf[s[v - 1] + 1]] = v - 1;
                    }
                }
            };
            
            std::vector<int> lms_map(n + 1, -1);
            int m = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
                if (!ls[i - 1] && ls[i]) {
                    lms_map[i] = m++;
                }
            }
            std::vector<int> lms;
            lms.reserve(m);
            for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
                if (!ls[i - 1] && ls[i]) {
                    lms.push_back(i);
                }
            }
            
            induce(lms);
            
            if (m) {
                std::vector<int> sorted_lms;
                sorted_lms.reserve(m);
                for (int v : sa) {
                    if (lms_map[v] != -1) sorted_lms.push_back(v);
                }
                std::vector<int> rec_s(m);
                int rec_upper = 0;
                rec_s[lms_map[sorted_lms[0]]] = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
                    int l = sorted_lms[i - 1], r = sorted_lms[i];
                    int end_l = (lms_map[l] + 1 < m) ? lms[lms_map[l] + 1] : n;
                    int end_r = (lms_map[r] + 1 < m) ? lms[lms_map[r] + 1] : n;
                    bool same = true;
                    if (end_l - l != end_r - r) {
                        same = false;
                    } else {
                        while (l < end_l) {
                            if (s[l] != s[r]) {
                                break;
                            }
                            l++;
                            r++;
                        }
                        if (l == n || s[l] != s[r]) same = false;
                    }
                    if (!same) rec_upper++;
                    rec_s[lms_map[sorted_lms[i]]] = rec_upper;
                }
                
                auto rec_sa =
                sa_is<THRESHOLD_NAIVE, THRESHOLD_DOUBLING>(rec_s, rec_upper);
                
                for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                    sorted_lms[i] = lms[rec_sa[i]];
                }
                induce(sorted_lms);
            }
            return sa;
        }
        
    }  // namespace internal
    
    std::vector<int> suffix_array(const std::vector<int>& s, int upper) {
        assert(0 <= upper);
        for (int d : s) {
            assert(0 <= d && d <= upper);
        }
        auto sa = internal::sa_is(s, upper);
        return sa;
    }
    
    template <class T> std::vector<int> suffix_array(const std::vector<T>& s) {
        int n = int(s.size());
        std::vector<int> idx(n);
        iota(idx.begin(), idx.end(), 0);
        sort(idx.begin(), idx.end(), [&](int l, int r) { return s[l] < s[r]; });
        std::vector<int> s2(n);
        int now = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (i && s[idx[i - 1]] != s[idx[i]]) now++;
            s2[idx[i]] = now;
        }
        return internal::sa_is(s2, now);
    }
    
    std::vector<int> suffix_array(const std::string& s) {
        int n = int(s.size());
        std::vector<int> s2(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            s2[i] = s[i];
        }
        return internal::sa_is(s2, 255);
    }
    
    template <class T>
    std::vector<int> lcp_array(const std::vector<T>& s,
                               const std::vector<int>& sa) {
        int n = int(s.size());
        assert(n >= 1);
        std::vector<int> rnk(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            rnk[sa[i]] = i;
        }
        std::vector<int> lcp(n - 1);
        int h = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (h > 0) h--;
            if (rnk[i] == 0) continue;
            int j = sa[rnk[i] - 1];
            for (; j + h < n && i + h < n; h++) {
                if (s[j + h] != s[i + h]) break;
            }
            lcp[rnk[i] - 1] = h;
        }
        return lcp;
    }
    
    std::vector<int> lcp_array(const std::string& s, const std::vector<int>& sa) {
        int n = int(s.size());
        std::vector<int> s2(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            s2[i] = s[i];
        }
        return lcp_array(s2, sa);
    }
    
    template <class T> std::vector<int> z_algorithm(const std::vector<T>& s) {
        int n = int(s.size());
        if (n == 0) return {};
        std::vector<int> z(n);
        z[0] = 0;
        for (int i = 1, j = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int& k = z[i];
            k = (j + z[j] <= i) ? 0 : std::min(j + z[j] - i, z[i - j]);
            while (i + k < n && s[k] == s[i + k]) k++;
            if (j + z[j] < i + z[i]) j = i;
        }
        z[0] = n;
        return z;
    }
    
    std::vector<int> z_algorithm(const std::string& s) {
        int n = int(s.size());
        std::vector<int> s2(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            s2[i] = s[i];
        }
        return z_algorithm(s2);
    }
    
}  // namespace atcoder

ll rui1[MAX],rui2[MAX];
 
struct T{
    ll ha1;
    ll ha2;
    int len;
};
 
T f(T a,T b){
    T res;
    res.ha1=(a.ha1*rui1[b.len]+b.ha1)%mod1;
    res.ha2=(a.ha2*rui2[b.len]+b.ha2)%mod2;
    res.len=a.len+b.len;
    return res;
}
 
T ti(){
    return {0,0,0};
}

int main(){
    
    std::ifstream in("text.txt");
    std::cin.rdbuf(in.rdbuf());
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    
    mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
    
    ll ha1=rng()%mod1,ha2=rng()%mod2;
    
    rui1[0]=rui2[0]=1;
    for(int i=1;i<MAX;i++){
        rui1[i]=rui1[i-1]*ha1%mod1;
        rui2[i]=rui2[i-1]*ha2%mod2;
    }
    
    int Q;cin>>Q;
    while(Q--){
        int N;cin>>N;
        vector<int> A(N);
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
            cin>>A[i];A[i]--;
        }
        auto sa=atcoder::suffix_array(A,N);
        auto lcp=atcoder::lcp_array(A,sa);
        atcoder::segtree<TT,ff,titi> seg(lcp);
        
        auto fff=[&](ll x){
            T res;
            res.ha1=(ll)(x+1);//*rui1[po]%mod1;
            res.ha2=(ll)(x+1);//*rui2[po]%mod2;
            res.len=1;
            return res;
        };
        
        vector<int> pos(N);
        for(int i=0;i<si(sa);i++){
            pos[sa[i]]=i;
        }
        
        atcoder::segtree<T,f,ti> rol(N);
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++) rol.set(i,fff(A[i]));
        
        /*
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
            for(int j=i+1;j<=N;j++) cout<<i<<" "<<j<<" "<<rol.prod(i,j).ha1<<" "<<rol.prod(i,j).ha2<<endl;
        }
        */
        auto common=[&](int a,int b){
            if(a==b) return N-a;
            
            int left=0,right=N-max(a,b)+1;
            while(right-left>1){
                int mid=(left+right)/2;
                auto x=rol.prod(a,a+mid);
                auto y=rol.prod(b,b+mid);
                if(x.ha1==y.ha1&&x.ha2==y.ha2) left=mid;
                else right=mid;
            }
            
            return left;
            /*
            a=pos[a];
            b=pos[b];
            if(a>b) swap(a,b);
            
            return seg.prod(a,b);
             */
        };
        
        auto commonko=[&](int a,int b){
            if(a==b) return N-a;
            
            a=pos[a];
            b=pos[b];
            if(a>b) swap(a,b);
            
            return seg.prod(a,b);
        };
        
        vector<ll> imoa(N+2),imob(N+2),ng(N+2);
        
        vector<map<int,ll>> MA(N);
        
        ll defans=0;
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
            ll x=commonko(i,0);
            defans+=x;
            
            //cout<<i<<" "<<x<<endl;
            
            if(i){
                if(0+x<=i){
                    imoa[0]++;
                    imoa[x]--;
                    
                    imob[0]+=(-x);
                    imob[x]-=(-x);
                    
                    imoa[i]++;
                    imoa[i+x]--;
                    
                    imob[i]-=(i+x);
                    imob[i+x]+=(i+x);
                }else{
                    imoa[0]++;
                    imoa[i]--;
                    
                    imob[0]+=(-x);
                    imob[i]-=(-x);
                    
                    imoa[i]++;
                    imoa[i+x]--;
                    
                    imob[i]-=(i+x);
                    imob[i+x]+=(i+x);
                    
                }
            }
            
            if(i+x==N){
                
            }else{
                
                {
                    rol.set(x,fff(N+N));
                    ll y1=common(0,i);
                    
                    rol.set(x,fff(A[i+x]));
                    ll y2=common(0,i);
                    
                    MA[x][A[i+x]]+=y2-y1;
                    
                    rol.set(x,fff(A[x]));
                    
                    //cout<<i<<" "<<common(0,i)<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<endl;
                }
                
                {
                    rol.set(i+x,fff(N+N));
                    ll y1=common(0,i);
                    
                    rol.set(i+x,fff(A[x]));
                    ll y2=common(0,i);
                    
                    MA[i+x][A[x]]+=y2-y1;
                    
                    rol.set(i+x,fff(A[i+x]));
                    
                    //cout<<i<<" "<<common(0,i)<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<endl;
                }
            }
        }
        //for(int i=0;i<N;i++) imoa[i]*=-1;
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
            if(i) imoa[i]+=imoa[i-1];
            if(i) imob[i]+=imob[i-1];
            
            ng[i]=imoa[i]*i+imob[i];
            
            //cout<<ng[i]<<" ";
        }
        
        ll ans=0;
        
        for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
            ll ma=-(1LL<<60);
            if(si(MA[i])==N-1){
                for(auto [a,b]:MA[i]) chmax(ma,b);
            }else{
                for(auto [a,b]:MA[i]) chmax(ma,b);
                chmax(ma,0LL);
            }
            
            ma+=defans;
            ma+=ng[i];
            
            ans+=(ma^(i+1));
            
            //cout<<ma<<" ";
        }
        
        //cout<<defans<<endl;
        
        cout<<ans<<"\n";
        
    }
}