#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace chrono;

using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;

string to_string(const string &s) {
  return '"' + s + '"';
}

string to_string(bool b) {
  return b ? "true" : "false";
}

template <typename A, typename B>
string to_string(const pair<A, B> &p) {
  return "(" + to_string(p.first) + ", " + to_string(p.second) + ")";
}

template <typename T>
string to_string(const T &v) {
  string s = "{";
  bool first = true;
  for (const auto &it : v) {
    if (!first)
      s += ", ";
    else
      first = false;
    s += to_string(it);
  }
  return s += "}";
}

void debug_out() {
  cerr << endl;
}

template <typename T, typename... Args>
void debug_out(const T &first, const Args&... rest) {
  cerr << to_string(first) << " ";
  debug_out(rest...);
}

#define debug(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)

mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());

auto startTime = high_resolution_clock::now();
int get_time() {
  auto stopTime = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  auto duration = duration_cast<milliseconds>(stopTime - startTime);
  return duration.count(); // in ms
}

void solve() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  vector<int> a(n);
  int mx = 0, pos = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    cin >> a[i];
    if (a[i] > mx)
      mx = a[i], pos = i;
  }

  ll ans = 1LL * pos * a[0] + 1LL * (n - pos - 1) * a[n - 1] + 1LL * (n - 1) * mx;
  auto get_contribution = [&](int l, int r, int i, int x, int xl, int xr) -> ll {
    return 1LL * (r - l) * x - 1LL * (r - i) * xl - 1LL * (i - l) * xr;
  };
  
  auto modify_contribs = [&]() {
    vector<int> st;
    st.push_back(0);
    for (int i = 1; i < pos; ++i) {
      while (st.size() > 1) {
        int pv = st[st.size() - 2];
        if (get_contribution(pv, pos, i, a[i], a[pv], mx) > get_contribution(pv, pos, st.back(), a[st.back()], a[pv], mx)) {
          ans -= get_contribution(pv, pos, st.back(), a[st.back()], a[pv], mx); 
          st.pop_back();
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }

      if (get_contribution(st.back(), pos, i, a[i], a[st.back()], mx) > 0) {
        ans += get_contribution(st.back(), pos, i, a[i], a[st.back()], mx);
        st.push_back(i);
      }
    }
  };

  modify_contribs();
  reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
  pos = n - pos - 1;
  modify_contribs();

  cout << ans << endl;
}

int main() {
  cin.tie(NULL);
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);

  int t = 1;
  cin >> t;
  while (t--)
    solve();

  return 0;
}