QOJ.ac

QOJ

IDProblemSubmitterResultTimeMemoryLanguageFile sizeSubmit timeJudge time
#152485#6421. Degree of Spanning Treeqzez#AC ✓173ms8844kbC++142.7kb2023-08-28 09:54:482023-08-28 09:54:48

Judging History

你现在查看的是最新测评结果

  • [2023-08-28 09:54:48]
  • 评测
  • 测评结果:AC
  • 用时:173ms
  • 内存:8844kb
  • [2023-08-28 09:54:48]
  • 提交

answer

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll=long long;
template<typename T>
ostream& operator << (ostream &out,const vector<T>&x){
	if(x.empty())return out<<"[]";
	out<<'['<<x[0];
	for(int len=x.size(),i=1;i<len;i++)out<<','<<x[i];
	return out<<']';
}
template<typename T>
vector<T> ary(const T *a,int l,int r){
	return vector<T>{a+l,a+1+r};
}
template<typename T>
void debug(T x){
	cerr<<x<<'\n';
}
template<typename T,typename ...S>
void debug(T x,S ...y){
	cerr<<x<<' ',debug(y...);
}
const int N=1e5+10;
int T,n,m;
vector<pair<int,int> >E,S,P,ans,res;
int fa[N];
int find(int x){
	return fa[x]==x?x:fa[x]=find(fa[x]);
}
bool merge(int x,int y){
	x=find(x),y=find(y);
	if(x==y)return 0;
	return fa[x]=y,1;
}
int deg[N];
void get(){
	E.clear(),S.clear(),P.clear(),ans.clear(),res.clear();
	scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
	iota(fa,fa+1+n,0);
	fill(deg+1,deg+1+n,0);
	for(int u,v;m--;){
		scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
		if(u==v)continue;
		P.push_back({u,v});
		if(!merge(u,v))E.push_back({u,v});
		else S.push_back({u,v}),deg[u]++,deg[v]++;
	}
	if(n==3){
		puts("No");return;
	}
	int rt=max_element(deg+1,deg+1+n)-deg;
	iota(fa,fa+1+n,0);
	for(auto e:S)if(e.first!=rt&&e.second!=rt){
		merge(e.first,e.second);
	}
	for(auto e:E)if(e.first!=rt&&e.second!=rt){
		if(deg[rt]*2<=n)break;
		if(merge(e.first,e.second))ans.push_back(e),deg[rt]--;
	}
	if(deg[rt]*2>n){
		puts("No");return;
	}
	iota(fa,fa+1+n,0);
	for(auto e:ans)merge(e.first,e.second);
	for(auto e:S)if(e.first!=rt&&e.second!=rt){
		if(merge(e.first,e.second))ans.push_back(e);
	}
	for(auto e:S){
		if(merge(e.first,e.second))ans.push_back(e);
	}
	fill(deg+1,deg+1+n,0);
	for(auto e:ans)deg[e.first]++,deg[e.second]++;
	rt=max_element(deg+1,deg+1+n)-deg;
	if(deg[rt]*2<=n){
		puts("Yes");
		for(auto e:ans)printf("%d %d\n",e.first,e.second);
	}else{
		int u=0,v=0;
		iota(fa,fa+1+n,0);
		for(auto e:ans)if(e.first!=rt&&e.second!=rt){
			merge(e.first,e.second);
		}
		// for(auto e:ans)debug(e.first,e.second);
		for(auto e:P)if(deg[e.first]*2<=n&&deg[e.second]*2<=n&&merge(e.first,e.second)){
			tie(u,v)=e;break;
		}
		// debug(u,v);
		if(!u){
			puts("No");
		}else{
			iota(fa,fa+1+n,0);
			merge(u,v);
			res.push_back({u,v});
			for(auto e:ans)if(deg[e.first]*2+1<n&&deg[e.second]*2+1<n){
				if(merge(e.first,e.second))res.push_back(e);
			}
			for(auto e:ans)if(deg[e.first]*2<=n&&deg[e.second]*2<=n){
				if(merge(e.first,e.second))res.push_back(e);
			}
			for(auto e:ans){
				if(merge(e.first,e.second))res.push_back(e);
			}
			assert(res.size()==n-1);
			puts("Yes");
			for(auto e:res)printf("%d %d\n",e.first,e.second);
		}
	}
}
int main(){
	for(scanf("%d",&T);T--;)get();
	return 0;
}

Details

Tip: Click on the bar to expand more detailed information

Test #1:

score: 100
Accepted
time: 2ms
memory: 3924kb

input:

2
6 9
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 3
2 4
3 4
4 5
4 6
4 6
3 4
1 3
2 3
3 3
1 2

output:

Yes
4 5
4 6
1 2
1 3
1 4
No

result:

ok 2 cases

Test #2:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 145ms
memory: 4340kb

input:

11140
10 15
9 6
5 7
6 5
2 3
7 5
7 5
3 10
9 7
5 5
9 1
7 5
2 8
7 5
4 3
6 2
9 19
3 7
3 9
2 8
2 8
3 6
5 1
1 8
8 9
8 3
4 8
5 5
3 1
4 3
1 3
8 6
1 3
7 4
4 3
8 8
12 20
10 2
5 5
2 4
3 3
3 3
5 11
9 2
5 5
7 12
11 3
3 3
3 5
5 3
3 1
4 6
7 11
6 8
4 5
6 12
6 5
8 18
4 2
4 3
2 4
2 4
4 3
4 8
2 2
6 7
2 4
6 2
1 4
8 7
4...

output:

Yes
9 6
5 7
6 5
3 10
9 1
4 3
2 3
2 8
6 2
Yes
3 7
3 9
3 6
5 1
2 8
1 8
8 9
4 8
Yes
5 11
7 12
11 3
3 1
4 6
7 11
6 8
4 5
10 2
2 4
9 2
Yes
6 7
6 2
7 5
4 2
4 3
4 8
1 4
Yes
4 3
2 9
2 3
8 7
6 5
5 7
5 9
5 1
Yes
1 9
8 10
4 6
6 1
1 7
10 2
2 6
3 2
2 5
Yes
5 4
2 6
1 3
5 7
7 1
6 7
Yes
12 3
7 8
8 2
10 6
9 10
5 4
2...

result:

ok 11140 cases

Test #3:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 173ms
memory: 8844kb

input:

5
100000 197799
37555 22723
91160 32701
6451 4416
43186 26432
9750 82955
28292 33907
91534 78442
17771 67061
40351 28116
21494 23114
34672 66640
72636 95093
13033 6538
53698 87837
79541 71230
53985 63500
84753 5378
67971 56748
90951 20169
4465 97293
18331 53564
41043 95738
48579 96439
90865 7526
391...

output:

Yes
37555 22723
91160 32701
6451 4416
43186 26432
9750 82955
28292 33907
91534 78442
17771 67061
40351 28116
21494 23114
34672 66640
72636 95093
13033 6538
53698 87837
79541 71230
53985 63500
84753 5378
67971 56748
90951 20169
4465 97293
18331 53564
41043 95738
48579 96439
90865 7526
39102 81376
166...

result:

ok 5 cases

Test #4:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 133ms
memory: 7380kb

input:

5
100000 100000
98195 31806
98195 70169
92153 98195
98195 46320
94369 56771
94369 49988
74295 98195
33796 98195
89903 94369
98195 1814
82388 98195
10189 94369
98195 6267
29845 98195
22425 94369
6241 98195
98195 33204
66516 98195
94369 71364
26277 94369
94369 94722
94369 25349
14629 98195
9329 98195
...

output:

Yes
88570 98195
98195 31806
98195 70169
92153 98195
98195 46320
74295 98195
33796 98195
98195 1814
82388 98195
98195 6267
29845 98195
6241 98195
98195 33204
66516 98195
14629 98195
9329 98195
98195 38219
2486 98195
98195 20493
98195 61932
98195 42896
98195 7191
98195 87857
98195 70948
30162 98195
98...

result:

ok 5 cases

Test #5:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 171ms
memory: 8372kb

input:

5
100000 149998
50735 5447
50735 24875
15119 49666
50735 30352
44756 49555
26546 32695
98445 50735
71657 50735
92212 50735
50735 19382
30935 50735
43688 46767
54630 54562
31371 50735
48877 50735
78593 76833
74317 37258
50735 48236
67116 50735
36579 50735
37536 44353
50735 46602
35088 29568
86657 507...

output:

Yes
80299 95151
15828 33765
47225 76686
27706 50034
74145 40517
26318 85148
79334 15062
7554 37545
9945 71952
34977 1370
88568 69140
62598 78932
76500 55909
61465 64449
13806 27958
649 38999
85025 39615
30007 85972
68809 73402
36080 30773
73555 51223
24467 250
87123 53110
24687 9368
26403 71657
7748...

result:

ok 5 cases

Test #6:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 104ms
memory: 7656kb

input:

11102
14 14
9 10
10 14
9 11
10 2
9 14
9 5
10 13
9 8
4 9
3 10
10 1
12 10
10 6
9 7
6 6
3 2
3 5
2 6
1 6
3 4
3 6
5 5
3 2
2 1
4 5
2 5
5 3
8 8
5 6
4 6
8 6
8 4
6 1
8 3
2 8
7 8
12 12
8 12
12 2
4 12
9 12
12 3
1 12
1 8
6 8
11 8
7 8
8 10
12 5
15 15
9 15
6 15
13 8
15 3
8 11
15 12
8 2
15 4
8 10
15 8
15 14
8 4
7 ...

output:

Yes
9 14
9 11
9 5
9 8
4 9
9 7
9 10
10 2
10 13
3 10
10 1
12 10
10 6
Yes
2 6
1 6
3 2
3 5
3 4
Yes
5 3
4 5
3 2
2 1
Yes
8 3
2 8
7 8
5 6
4 6
8 6
6 1
Yes
1 8
6 8
11 8
7 8
8 10
8 12
12 2
4 12
9 12
12 3
12 5
Yes
8 4
13 8
8 11
8 2
8 10
7 8
5 8
9 15
6 15
15 3
15 12
15 4
15 14
1 15
Yes
6 3
7 3
10 3
3 12
3 2
3 1...

result:

ok 11102 cases

Test #7:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 135ms
memory: 8416kb

input:

11102
14 19
9 3
3 6
8 3
2 14
7 3
11 3
13 9
3 14
3 5
2 3
7 4
1 10
13 3
4 3
3 1
3 10
12 8
11 6
3 12
11 15
9 11
10 7
1 2
9 6
11 2
11 10
8 11
11 5
3 8
11 4
11 3
11 7
1 11
5 4
6 11
5 6
1 2
4 3
3 5
1 3
5 4
3 2
12 16
8 11
12 10
12 3
5 7
12 5
1 12
9 4
12 2
6 12
12 8
10 1
12 11
7 12
12 9
3 2
4 12
6 7
3 1
6 3...

output:

Yes
11 6
2 14
13 9
7 4
1 10
12 8
9 3
3 6
8 3
7 3
3 14
3 5
3 1
Yes
5 4
10 7
1 2
9 6
3 8
9 11
11 2
11 10
8 11
11 5
Yes
5 4
1 2
4 3
1 3
Yes
10 1
3 2
8 11
5 7
9 4
12 10
12 3
12 5
6 12
12 8
12 9
Yes
4 6
5 1
3 1
6 3
3 2
Yes
4 3
2 5
1 6
1 5
1 4
Yes
3 10
1 2
7 5
4 11
8 9
3 6
2 6
9 6
7 6
6 4
Yes
3 6
4 1
6 5
...

result:

ok 11102 cases

Test #8:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 125ms
memory: 3796kb

input:

100000
5 7
2 5
1 4
2 1
1 3
5 1
4 2
2 3
5 7
2 4
4 3
2 1
4 5
2 5
1 4
3 2
5 7
5 1
4 2
4 5
4 3
4 1
3 1
2 1
5 7
4 1
4 3
3 5
2 5
4 5
2 4
1 5
5 7
5 2
2 1
5 4
2 4
4 3
3 2
1 4
5 7
2 4
5 1
1 3
2 1
2 3
4 1
2 5
5 7
5 4
4 2
5 2
3 5
4 1
5 1
4 3
5 7
1 5
2 3
2 5
2 4
3 5
4 5
1 2
5 7
1 3
5 2
2 4
1 2
5 3
2 3
4 3
5 7
3...

output:

Yes
4 2
2 5
1 4
1 3
Yes
4 5
4 3
2 5
2 1
Yes
3 1
5 1
4 2
4 5
Yes
4 1
2 5
4 3
3 5
Yes
5 4
4 3
5 2
2 1
Yes
2 3
2 4
5 1
1 3
Yes
4 2
4 1
5 2
3 5
Yes
3 5
1 5
2 3
2 4
Yes
5 3
1 3
5 2
2 4
Yes
5 3
5 4
3 1
2 1
Yes
1 2
2 4
1 5
5 3
Yes
2 4
2 1
5 4
5 3
Yes
3 4
1 3
5 4
5 2
Yes
5 2
5 1
4 2
4 3
Yes
4 2
5 4
3 1
1 2
...

result:

ok 100000 cases

Test #9:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 55ms
memory: 3940kb

input:

1000
5 970
3 1
4 3
3 1
1 3
2 3
2 3
3 2
2 3
2 3
2 3
3 2
3 2
3 1
2 3
3 2
3 2
2 3
2 3
3 2
3 2
2 3
3 2
2 3
2 3
3 5
2 3
2 3
2 3
3 2
3 2
5 3
2 3
3 2
2 3
3 2
3 2
3 1
3 2
3 5
3 2
2 1
2 3
3 5
2 3
2 3
5 3
3 2
3 1
3 2
3 2
1 3
4 3
3 1
4 3
5 3
3 2
3 4
2 3
3 5
2 3
3 1
3 2
2 3
4 3
2 3
2 3
1 3
3 1
2 3
3 2
3 2
2 3
2...

output:

Yes
2 1
5 2
3 1
4 3
Yes
3 4
3 1
5 2
4 5
Yes
5 2
1 5
2 4
4 3
Yes
4 3
4 2
5 3
5 1
Yes
5 2
5 1
2 3
4 3
Yes
4 1
1 5
2 4
2 3
Yes
2 1
1 5
4 3
4 2
Yes
5 1
3 1
4 5
4 2
Yes
4 1
4 2
1 3
5 3
Yes
5 1
3 1
2 4
5 2
Yes
3 5
3 2
1 4
4 5
Yes
5 3
5 2
4 3
4 1
Yes
5 2
3 2
4 5
1 4
Yes
5 1
5 4
1 2
3 2
Yes
2 4
5 2
4 1
3 1
...

result:

ok 1000 cases

Test #10:

score: 0
Accepted
time: 105ms
memory: 3792kb

input:

100000
5 5
5 1
1 3
3 5
2 3
4 1
5 5
3 1
3 4
1 5
5 2
5 3
5 5
2 5
1 2
4 5
4 3
2 4
5 5
1 2
4 3
2 4
4 1
5 1
5 5
5 2
3 2
1 4
1 2
3 1
5 5
2 5
1 3
4 5
1 2
5 1
5 5
1 5
5 2
4 5
1 4
3 4
5 5
4 2
1 2
1 4
5 1
3 4
5 5
1 3
5 2
5 4
5 1
1 4
5 5
2 3
4 5
2 4
3 4
1 3
5 5
1 4
4 5
2 5
3 4
5 3
5 5
4 1
4 5
4 3
3 2
1 3
5 5
3...

output:

Yes
3 5
2 3
5 1
4 1
Yes
3 4
5 2
3 1
1 5
Yes
4 5
4 3
2 5
1 2
Yes
4 3
2 4
1 2
5 1
Yes
3 1
1 4
5 2
3 2
Yes
2 5
4 5
1 3
1 2
Yes
1 4
3 4
1 5
5 2
Yes
4 2
3 4
1 2
5 1
Yes
1 4
1 3
5 2
5 4
Yes
4 5
1 3
2 3
2 4
Yes
3 4
1 4
5 3
2 5
Yes
1 3
3 2
4 1
4 5
Yes
3 2
5 2
1 5
4 1
Yes
2 1
4 2
5 1
3 5
Yes
3 4
5 3
2 1
5 1
...

result:

ok 100000 cases