#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define eb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
using namespace std;
typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef __int128 i128;
template<typename T,typename U>
T ceil(T x, U y) {return (x>0?(x+y-1)/y:x/y);}
template<typename T,typename U>
T floor(T x, U y) {return (x>0?x/y:(x-y+1)/y);}
template<class T,class S>
bool chmax(T &a,const S b) {return (a<b?a=b,1:0);}
template<class T,class S>
bool chmin(T &a,const S b) {return (a>b?a=b,1:0);}
int popcnt(int x) {return __builtin_popcount(x);}
int popcnt(ll x)  {return __builtin_popcountll(x);}
int topbit(int x) {return (x==0?-1:31-__builtin_clz(x));}
int topbit(ll x)  {return (x==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll(x));}
int lowbit(int x) {return (x==0?-1:__builtin_ctz(x));}
int lowbit(ll x)  {return (x==0?-1:__builtin_ctzll(x));}

#define int long long
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<=(b);i++)
#define per(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i>=(b);i--)
typedef pair<int,int> pii; 
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<pii> vp;
typedef tuple<int,int,int> tiii;
int read() {
  int x=0,w=1; char c=getchar(); 
  while(!isdigit(c)) {if(c=='-') w=-1; c=getchar();}
  while(isdigit(c)) {x=x*10+(c-'0'); c=getchar();}
  return x*w;
}

const int N=1e6+5,inf=0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
int n,a[N],b[N],c,s[N],t[N],ans,rt[N];
vi p[N];

struct priority_deque {
  int del[N],sz;
  priority_queue<int,vi,greater<int>> q1;
  priority_queue<int> q2;
  int front() {
    while(!q1.empty()) {
      int u=q1.top();
      if(!del[u]) return u;
      else q1.pop();
    } return -1;
  }
  int back() {
    while(!q2.empty()) {
      int u=q2.top();
      if(!del[u]) return u;
      else q2.pop();
    } return -1;
  }
  void erase(int x) {del[x]=1, --sz;}
  void insert(int x) {q1.push(x),q2.push(x),++sz;}
  int size() {return sz;}
} Q;

namespace SegT {
  int ls[N<<1],rs[N<<1],s[N<<1],tot=1;
  void build(int p,int l,int r) {
    if(l==r) {s[p]=a[l]; return;} int mid=l+r>>1;
    build(ls[p]=++tot,l,mid), build(rs[p]=++tot,mid+1,r);
    s[p]=min(s[ls[p]],s[rs[p]]);
  }
  void del(int p,int l,int r,int x) {
    if(l==r) {s[p]=inf; return;} int mid=l+r>>1;
    if(x<=mid) del(ls[p],l,mid,x); else del(rs[p],mid+1,r,x);
    s[p]=min(s[ls[p]],s[rs[p]]);
  }
  int qry(int p,int l,int r,int x,int y) {
    if(l==x&&r==y) return s[p]; int mid=l+r>>1;
    if(y<=mid) return qry(ls[p],l,mid,x,mid);
    else if(x>mid) return qry(rs[p],mid+1,r,mid+1,y);
    else return min(qry(ls[p],l,mid,x,mid),qry(rs[p],mid+1,r,mid+1,y));
  }
}

int sum(int x,int y) {return (x+y)*(y-x+1)/2;}

signed main() {
  n=read();
  rep(i,1,n) a[i]=read(), b[i]=a[i];
  sort(b+1,b+n+1); c=unique(b+1,b+n+1)-b-1;
  rep(i,1,n) {
    int x=lower_bound(b+1,b+c+1,a[i])-b;
    p[x].eb(i);
  }
  SegT::build(1,1,n);
  rep(i,1,n) s[i]=max(s[i-1],a[i]);
  per(i,n,1) t[i]=max(t[i+1],a[i]);
  rep(u,1,c-1) {
    int x=b[u], y=b[u+1];
    for(int i:p[u]) Q.insert(i);
    while(Q.size()) {
      int i=Q.front();
      if(s[Q.front()]<=x) Q.erase(i);
      else break;
    }
    while(Q.size()) {
      int i=Q.back();
      if(t[i]<=x) Q.erase(i);
      else break;
    }
    int m=Q.size();
    for(int i:p[u]) SegT::del(1,1,n,i);
    if(m>=1) {
      int l=Q.front(), r=Q.back();
      int A=SegT::qry(1,1,n,1,l-1);
      int B=SegT::qry(1,1,n,r+1,n);
      if(m==1) ans+=sum(x,y-1)+(A+B)*(y-x);
      else ans+=m*sum(x,y-1)+(m-2)*2*sum(x+1,y)+(A+B+2*y)*(y-x);
    }
  }
  printf("%lld\n",ans);
  return 0;
}