#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
using ll = long long int;
template <typename T> using V = vector<T>;

#define dl "\n"

int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);

    ll T;
    cin >> T;

    while (T--) {
        ll n, m, k;
        cin >> n >> m >> k;

        auto is_possible = [&](ll n, ll m, ll k) {
            return !(                         //
                (n % 2 == 1 || m % 2 == 1)    // only even sides work
                || (k > n * m / 4)            // cannot have more than 2x2 everywhere
                || (k < max(n, m) / 2)        // cannot have less than outlines everywhere
                || (k == n * m / 4 - 1)       // can always have 1 less, except for first one
                || (n == m && k == n / 2 + 1) // cannot have one more than half if square
            );
        };

        if (!is_possible(n, m, k)) {
            cout << "NO" << dl;
            continue;
        }
        cout << "YES" << dl;

        V<V<ll>> grid(n, V<ll>(m, 0));

        auto outline = [&](ll x, ll y, ll x_len, ll y_len, ll color) {
            for (ll i = y; i < y + y_len; i++) {
                grid[x][i] = color;
                grid[x + x_len - 1][i] = color;
            }
            for (ll i = x; i < x + x_len; i++) {
                grid[i][y] = color;
                grid[i][y + y_len - 1] = color;
            }
        };

        ll x = 0, y = 0;
        ll x_len = n, y_len = m;
        ll colors = k;
        while (x_len > 0 && y_len > 0 && colors > 0) {
            if (is_possible(x_len - 2, y_len - 2, colors - 1)) {
                outline(x, y, x_len, y_len, colors);
                x++;
                y++;
                colors--;
                x_len -= 2;
                y_len -= 2;
            } else if (is_possible(x_len, y_len - 2, colors - x_len / 2)) {
                for (ll myx = x; myx < x + x_len; myx += 2) {
                    for (ll i = myx; i < myx + 2; i++) {
                        for (ll j = y; j < y + 2; j++) {
                            grid[i][j] = colors;
                        }
                    }
                    colors--;
                }
                y += 2;
                y_len -= 2;
            } else if (is_possible(x_len - 2, y_len, colors - y_len / 2)) {
                for (ll myy = y; myy < y + y_len; myy += 2) {
                    for (ll i = myy; i < myy + 2; i++) {
                        for (ll j = x; j < x + 2; j++) {
                            grid[j][i] = colors;
                        }
                    }
                    colors--;
                }
                x += 2;
                x_len -= 2;
            }
        }

        for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (ll j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                cout << grid[i][j] << " ";
            }
            cout << dl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}