#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define frein(f) freopen(f ".in", "r", stdin)
#define freout(f) freopen(f ".out", "w", stdout)
using namespace std;

void solve()
{
    long long n, x, len, ans = 0;
    cin >> n >> x;
    if (x == 1)
        ans = (n + n * n) / 2;
    else
    {
        len = 1;
        while ((len << 1) <= x)
            len <<= 1;
        long long l1 = 2, l2 = 2, r, tx;

        tx = x >> 1; //计算1出现的最小值
        while (tx > 1)
        {
            if (tx & 1)
                l1 = l1 << 1;
            else
                l1 = (l1 << 1) - 1;
            tx >>= 1;
        }
        if (l1 > n) //全都是0的情况
        {
            cout << "0\n";
            return;
        }
        tx = x; //计算2出现的最小值
        while (tx > 1)
        {
            if (tx & 1)
                l2 = l2 << 1;
            else
                l2 = (l2 << 1) - 1;
            tx >>= 1;
        }
        if (l2 > n) //全都是1的情况
        {
            cout << n - l1 + 1 << "\n";
            return;
        }
        ans = l2 - l1;                          //左侧1的区间累加
        r = 1 + (n - l2 + 1) / len;             //计算连续区间右端最大值
        ans += len * (2 + r) * (r - 2 + 1) / 2; //连续区间累加和
        ans += (n - l2 + 1) % len * (r + 1);    //剩余右端值累加
    }
    cout << ans << "\n";
}
signed main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
    int T;
    cin >> T;
    while (T--)
        solve();
    return 0;
}