// 
pub mod solution {
//{"name":"u25_j","group":"Manual","url":"","interactive":false,"timeLimit":2000,"tests":[{"input":"","output":""},{"input":"","output":""},{"input":"","output":""}],"testType":"single","input":{"type":"stdin","fileName":null,"pattern":null},"output":{"type":"stdout","fileName":null,"pattern":null},"languages":{"java":{"taskClass":"u25_j"}}}

use crate::algo_lib::collections::iter_ext::find_count::IterFindCount;
use crate::algo_lib::collections::slice_ext::bounds::Bounds;
use crate::algo_lib::io::input::Input;
use crate::algo_lib::io::output::Output;
use crate::algo_lib::misc::memo::memoization_3d::Memoization3d;
use crate::algo_lib::misc::recursive_function::Callable3;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::mod_int::ModInt9;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::Zero;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::as_index::AsIndex;
use crate::algo_lib::string::str::Str;
use crate::algo_lib::string::str::StrReader;
use std::cmp::Reverse;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::collections::VecDeque;

type PreCalc = ();

fn solve(input: &mut Input, out: &mut Output, _test_case: usize, _data: &mut PreCalc) {
let n = input.read_size();
let mut l = input.read_str();
let r = input.read_str();

#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Clone, Default)]
struct State {
a: Vec<Reverse<i8>>,
}

let mut queue = VecDeque::<State>::new();
queue.push_back(State::default());
let mut done = HashMap::new();
done.insert(State::default(), 0);
let mut edges = vec![];
let mut id = 1;
let mut in_order = Vec::new();
while let Some(state) = queue.pop_front() {
edges.push(vec![0; 10]);
let cur = edges.len() - 1;
edges[cur][0] = cur;
for i in 1..10 {
let pos = state.a.lower_bound(&Reverse(i));
let mut new_state = state.clone();
if pos == new_state.a.len() {
new_state.a.push(Reverse(i));
} else {
new_state.a[pos] = Reverse(i);
}
if let Some(&id) = done.get(&new_state) {
edges[cur][i as usize] = id;
continue;
}
done.insert(new_state.clone(), id);
edges[cur][i as usize] = id;
id += 1;
queue.push_back(new_state);
}
in_order.push(state);
}

type Mod = ModInt9;

let mut mem = Memoization3d::new(10, id, n, |mem, first_digit, id, wildcards| -> Mod {
if wildcards == 0 {
let rotations = in_order[id].a.len();
if rotations == 0 {
0.into()
} else {
Mod::from_index(rotations * 10 - first_digit)
}
} else {
let mut ans = Mod::zero();
for i in 0..10 {
ans += mem.call(first_digit, edges[id][i], wildcards - 1);
}
ans
}
});

let mut solve = |limit: Str<'static>| -> Mod {
let mut cur_state = 0;
let mut ans = Mod::zero();
let mut first = true;
for (i, c) in limit.iter().enumerate() {
let c = (c - b'0') as usize;
for j in 0..c {
ans += mem.call(
if first { j } else { (limit[0] - b'0') as usize },
edges[cur_state][j],
n - i - 1,
);
}
cur_state = edges[cur_state][c];
first = false;
}
ans += mem.call((limit[0] - b'0') as usize, cur_state, 0);
ans
};
let mut ans = solve(r);
if l.iter().count_eq(&b'9') != n {
for i in (0..n).rev() {
if l[i] == b'0' {
l[i] = b'9';
} else {
l[i] -= 1;
break;
}
}
ans -= solve(l);
}
out.print_line(ans);
}

pub(crate) fn run(mut input: Input, mut output: Output) -> bool {
let mut pre_calc = ();

#[allow(dead_code)]
enum TestType {
Single,
MultiNumber,
MultiEof,
}
let test_type = TestType::Single;
match test_type {
TestType::Single => solve(&mut input, &mut output, 1, &mut pre_calc),
TestType::MultiNumber => {
let t = input.read();
for i in 1..=t {
solve(&mut input, &mut output, i, &mut pre_calc);
}
}
TestType::MultiEof => {
let mut i = 1;
while input.peek().is_some() {
solve(&mut input, &mut output, i, &mut pre_calc);
i += 1;
}
}
}
output.flush();
if false {
true
} else {
input.skip_whitespace();
input.peek().is_none()
}
}

}
pub mod algo_lib {
pub mod collections {
pub mod iter_ext {
pub mod collect {
pub trait IterCollect<T>: Iterator<Item = T> + Sized {
fn collect_vec(self) -> Vec<T> {
self.collect()
}
}

impl<T, I: Iterator<Item = T> + Sized> IterCollect<T> for I {}
}
pub mod find_count {
pub trait IterFindCount<T: PartialEq>: Iterator<Item = T> + Sized {
fn find_eq(mut self, item: T) -> Option<usize> {
self.position(|r| r == item)
}
fn count_eq(self, item: &T) -> usize {
self.filter(|r| r == item).count()
}
}

impl<T: PartialEq, I: Iterator<Item = T>> IterFindCount<T> for I {}
}
}
pub mod md_arr {
pub mod arr3d {
use crate::algo_lib::collections::slice_ext::legacy_fill::LegacyFill;
use crate::algo_lib::io::input::Input;
use crate::algo_lib::io::input::Readable;
use crate::algo_lib::io::output::Output;
use crate::algo_lib::io::output::Writable;
use std::ops::Index;
use std::ops::IndexMut;
use std::vec::IntoIter;

#[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct Arr3d<T> {
d1: usize,
d2: usize,
d3: usize,
data: Vec<T>,
}

impl<T: Clone> Arr3d<T> {
pub fn new(d1: usize, d2: usize, d3: usize, value: T) -> Self {
Self {
d1,
d2,
d3,
data: vec![value; d1 * d2 * d3],
}
}
}

impl<T> Arr3d<T> {
pub fn generate<F>(d1: usize, d2: usize, d3: usize, mut gen: F) -> Self
where
F: FnMut(usize, usize, usize) -> T,
{
let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(d1 * d2 * d3);
for i in 0usize..d1 {
for j in 0usize..d2 {
for k in 0..d3 {
data.push(gen(i, j, k));
}
}
}
Self { d1, d2, d3, data }
}

pub fn d1(&self) -> usize {
self.d1
}

pub fn d2(&self) -> usize {
self.d2
}

pub fn d3(&self) -> usize {
self.d3
}

pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &T> {
self.data.iter()
}

pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut T> {
self.data.iter_mut()
}
}

impl<T> IntoIterator for Arr3d<T> {
type Item = T;
type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>;

fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
self.data.into_iter()
}
}

impl<T> Index<(usize, usize, usize)> for Arr3d<T> {
type Output = T;

fn index(&self, (a1, a2, a3): (usize, usize, usize)) -> &Self::Output {
assert!(a1 < self.d1);
assert!(a2 < self.d2);
assert!(a3 < self.d3);
&self.data[(a1 * self.d2 + a2) * self.d3 + a3]
}
}

impl<T> IndexMut<(usize, usize, usize)> for Arr3d<T> {
fn index_mut(&mut self, (a1, a2, a3): (usize, usize, usize)) -> &mut Self::Output {
assert!(a1 < self.d1);
assert!(a2 < self.d2);
assert!(a3 < self.d3);
&mut self.data[(a1 * self.d2 + a2) * self.d3 + a3]
}
}

impl<T: Writable> Writable for Arr3d<T> {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
let mut at = 0usize;
for i in 0..self.d1 {
if i != 0 {
output.put(b'\n');
}
for j in 0..self.d2 {
if j != 0 {
output.put(b'\n');
}
for k in 0..self.d3 {
if k != 0 {
output.put(b' ');
}
self.data[at].write(output);
at += 1;
}
}
}
}
}

pub trait Arr3dRead {
fn read_3d_table<T: Readable>(&mut self, d1: usize, d2: usize, d3: usize) -> Arr3d<T>;
}

impl Arr3dRead for Input<'_> {
fn read_3d_table<T: Readable>(&mut self, d1: usize, d2: usize, d3: usize) -> Arr3d<T> {
Arr3d::generate(d1, d2, d3, |_, _, _| self.read())
}
}

impl<T: Readable> Readable for Arr3d<T> {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self {
let d1 = input.read();
let d2 = input.read();
let d3 = input.read();
input.read_3d_table(d1, d2, d3)
}
}

impl<T: Clone> Arr3d<T> {
pub fn fill(&mut self, elem: T) {
self.data.legacy_fill(elem);
}
}
}
}
pub mod slice_ext {
pub mod bounds {
pub trait Bounds<T: PartialOrd> {
fn lower_bound(&self, el: &T) -> usize;
fn upper_bound(&self, el: &T) -> usize;
fn bin_search(&self, el: &T) -> Option<usize>;
fn more(&self, el: &T) -> usize;
fn more_or_eq(&self, el: &T) -> usize;
fn less(&self, el: &T) -> usize;
fn less_or_eq(&self, el: &T) -> usize;
}

impl<T: PartialOrd> Bounds<T> for [T] {
fn lower_bound(&self, el: &T) -> usize {
let mut left = 0;
let mut right = self.len();
while left < right {
let mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
if &self[mid] < el {
left = mid + 1;
} else {
right = mid;
}
}
left
}

fn upper_bound(&self, el: &T) -> usize {
let mut left = 0;
let mut right = self.len();
while left < right {
let mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
if &self[mid] <= el {
left = mid + 1;
} else {
right = mid;
}
}
left
}

fn bin_search(&self, el: &T) -> Option<usize> {
let at = self.lower_bound(el);
if at == self.len() || &self[at] != el {
None
} else {
Some(at)
}
}

fn more(&self, el: &T) -> usize {
self.len() - self.upper_bound(el)
}

fn more_or_eq(&self, el: &T) -> usize {
self.len() - self.lower_bound(el)
}

fn less(&self, el: &T) -> usize {
self.lower_bound(el)
}

fn less_or_eq(&self, el: &T) -> usize {
self.upper_bound(el)
}
}
}
pub mod legacy_fill {
// 1.50
pub trait LegacyFill<T> {
fn legacy_fill(&mut self, val: T);
}

impl<T: Clone> LegacyFill<T> for [T] {
fn legacy_fill(&mut self, val: T) {
for el in self.iter_mut() {
*el = val.clone();
}
}
}
}
}
pub mod vec_ext {
pub mod default {
pub fn default_vec<T: Default>(len: usize) -> Vec<T> {
let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(len);
for _ in 0..len {
v.push(T::default());
}
v
}
}
}
}
pub mod io {
pub mod input {
use crate::algo_lib::collections::vec_ext::default::default_vec;
use std::io::Read;

pub struct Input<'s> {
input: &'s mut dyn Read,
buf: Vec<u8>,
at: usize,
buf_read: usize,
}

macro_rules! read_impl {
($t: ty, $read_name: ident, $read_vec_name: ident) => {
pub fn $read_name(&mut self) -> $t {
self.read()
}

pub fn $read_vec_name(&mut self, len: usize) -> Vec<$t> {
self.read_vec(len)
}
};

($t: ty, $read_name: ident, $read_vec_name: ident, $read_pair_vec_name: ident) => {
read_impl!($t, $read_name, $read_vec_name);

pub fn $read_pair_vec_name(&mut self, len: usize) -> Vec<($t, $t)> {
self.read_vec(len)
}
};
}

impl<'s> Input<'s> {
const DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE: usize = 4096;

pub fn new(input: &'s mut dyn Read) -> Self {
Self {
input,
buf: default_vec(Self::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE),
at: 0,
buf_read: 0,
}
}

pub fn new_with_size(input: &'s mut dyn Read, buf_size: usize) -> Self {
Self {
input,
buf: default_vec(buf_size),
at: 0,
buf_read: 0,
}
}

pub fn get(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
if self.refill_buffer() {
let res = self.buf[self.at];
self.at += 1;
if res == b'\r' {
if self.refill_buffer() && self.buf[self.at] == b'\n' {
self.at += 1;
}
return Some(b'\n');
}
Some(res)
} else {
None
}
}

pub fn peek(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
if self.refill_buffer() {
let res = self.buf[self.at];
Some(if res == b'\r' { b'\n' } else { res })
} else {
None
}
}

pub fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {
while let Some(b) = self.peek() {
if !char::from(b).is_whitespace() {
return;
}
self.get();
}
}

pub fn next_token(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
self.skip_whitespace();
let mut res = Vec::new();
while let Some(c) = self.get() {
if char::from(c).is_whitespace() {
break;
}
res.push(c);
}
if res.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(res)
}
}

//noinspection RsSelfConvention
pub fn is_exhausted(&mut self) -> bool {
self.peek().is_none()
}

//noinspection RsSelfConvention
pub fn is_empty(&mut self) -> bool {
self.skip_whitespace();
self.is_exhausted()
}

pub fn read<T: Readable>(&mut self) -> T {
T::read(self)
}

pub fn read_vec<T: Readable>(&mut self, size: usize) -> Vec<T> {
let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for _ in 0..size {
res.push(self.read());
}
res
}

pub fn read_char(&mut self) -> char {
self.skip_whitespace();
self.get().unwrap().into()
}

read_impl!(u32, read_unsigned, read_unsigned_vec);
read_impl!(u64, read_u64, read_u64_vec);
read_impl!(usize, read_size, read_size_vec, read_size_pair_vec);
read_impl!(i32, read_int, read_int_vec, read_int_pair_vec);
read_impl!(i64, read_long, read_long_vec, read_long_pair_vec);
read_impl!(i128, read_i128, read_i128_vec);

fn refill_buffer(&mut self) -> bool {
if self.at == self.buf_read {
self.at = 0;
self.buf_read = self.input.read(&mut self.buf).unwrap();
self.buf_read != 0
} else {
true
}
}
}

pub trait Readable {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self;
}

impl Readable for char {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self {
input.read_char()
}
}

impl<T: Readable> Readable for Vec<T> {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self {
let size = input.read();
input.read_vec(size)
}
}

macro_rules! read_integer {
($($t:ident)+) => {$(
impl Readable for $t {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self {
input.skip_whitespace();
let mut c = input.get().unwrap();
let sgn = match c {
b'-' => {
c = input.get().unwrap();
true
}
b'+' => {
c = input.get().unwrap();
false
}
_ => false,
};
let mut res = 0;
loop {
assert!(c.is_ascii_digit());
res *= 10;
let d = (c - b'0') as $t;
if sgn {
res -= d;
} else {
res += d;
}
match input.get() {
None => break,
Some(ch) => {
if ch.is_ascii_whitespace() {
break;
} else {
c = ch;
}
}
}
}
res
}
}
)+};
}

read_integer!(i8 i16 i32 i64 i128 isize u8 u16 u32 u64 u128 usize);

macro_rules! tuple_readable {
($($name:ident)+) => {
impl<$($name: Readable), +> Readable for ($($name,)+) {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self {
($($name::read(input),)+)
}
}
}
}

tuple_readable! {T}
tuple_readable! {T U}
tuple_readable! {T U V}
tuple_readable! {T U V X}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y Z}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y Z A}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y Z A B}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y Z A B C}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y Z A B C D}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y Z A B C D E}
tuple_readable! {T U V X Y Z A B C D E F}

impl Read for Input<'_> {
fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
if self.at == self.buf_read {
self.input.read(buf)
} else {
let mut i = 0;
while i < buf.len() && self.at < self.buf_read {
buf[i] = self.buf[self.at];
i += 1;
self.at += 1;
}
Ok(i)
}
}
}
}
pub mod output {
use crate::algo_lib::collections::vec_ext::default::default_vec;
use std::io::stderr;
use std::io::Stderr;
use std::io::Write;

#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub enum BoolOutput {
YesNo,
YesNoCaps,
PossibleImpossible,
Custom(&'static str, &'static str),
}

impl BoolOutput {
pub fn output(&self, output: &mut Output, val: bool) {
(if val { self.yes() } else { self.no() }).write(output);
}

fn yes(&self) -> &str {
match self {
BoolOutput::YesNo => "Yes",
BoolOutput::YesNoCaps => "YES",
BoolOutput::PossibleImpossible => "Possible",
BoolOutput::Custom(yes, _) => yes,
}
}

fn no(&self) -> &str {
match self {
BoolOutput::YesNo => "No",
BoolOutput::YesNoCaps => "NO",
BoolOutput::PossibleImpossible => "Impossible",
BoolOutput::Custom(_, no) => no,
}
}
}

pub struct Output<'s> {
output: &'s mut dyn Write,
buf: Vec<u8>,
at: usize,
auto_flush: bool,
bool_output: BoolOutput,
}

impl<'s> Output<'s> {
const DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE: usize = 4096;

pub fn new(output: &'s mut dyn Write) -> Self {
Self {
output,
buf: default_vec(Self::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE),
at: 0,
auto_flush: false,
bool_output: BoolOutput::YesNoCaps,
}
}

pub fn new_with_auto_flush(output: &'s mut dyn Write) -> Self {
Self {
output,
buf: default_vec(Self::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE),
at: 0,
auto_flush: true,
bool_output: BoolOutput::YesNoCaps,
}
}

pub fn flush(&mut self) {
if self.at != 0 {
self.output.write_all(&self.buf[..self.at]).unwrap();
self.output.flush().unwrap();
self.at = 0;
}
}

pub fn print<T: Writable>(&mut self, s: T) {
s.write(self);
self.maybe_flush();
}

pub fn print_line<T: Writable>(&mut self, s: T) {
self.print(s);
self.put(b'\n');
self.maybe_flush();
}

pub fn put(&mut self, b: u8) {
self.buf[self.at] = b;
self.at += 1;
if self.at == self.buf.len() {
self.flush();
}
}

pub fn maybe_flush(&mut self) {
if self.auto_flush {
self.flush();
}
}

pub fn print_per_line<T: Writable>(&mut self, arg: &[T]) {
for i in arg {
i.write(self);
self.put(b'\n');
}
}

pub fn print_iter<T: Writable, I: Iterator<Item = T>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
let mut first = true;
for e in iter {
if first {
first = false;
} else {
self.put(b' ');
}
e.write(self);
}
}

pub fn set_bool_output(&mut self, bool_output: BoolOutput) {
self.bool_output = bool_output;
}
}

impl Write for Output<'_> {
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
let mut start = 0usize;
let mut rem = buf.len();
while rem > 0 {
let len = (self.buf.len() - self.at).min(rem);
self.buf[self.at..self.at + len].copy_from_slice(&buf[start..start + len]);
self.at += len;
if self.at == self.buf.len() {
self.flush();
}
start += len;
rem -= len;
}
self.maybe_flush();
Ok(buf.len())
}

fn flush(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
self.flush();
Ok(())
}
}

pub trait Writable {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output);
}

impl Writable for &str {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
output.write_all(self.as_bytes()).unwrap();
}
}

impl Writable for String {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
output.write_all(self.as_bytes()).unwrap();
}
}

impl Writable for char {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
output.put(*self as u8);
}
}

impl<T: Writable> Writable for [T] {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
output.print_iter(self.iter());
}
}

impl<T: Writable, const N: usize> Writable for [T; N] {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
output.print_iter(self.iter());
}
}

impl<T: Writable> Writable for &T {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
T::write(self, output)
}
}

impl<T: Writable> Writable for Vec<T> {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
self.as_slice().write(output);
}
}

impl Writable for () {
fn write(&self, _output: &mut Output) {}
}

macro_rules! write_to_string {
($($t:ident)+) => {$(
impl Writable for $t {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
self.to_string().write(output);
}
}
)+};
}

write_to_string!(u8 u16 u32 u64 u128 usize i8 i16 i32 i64 i128 isize);

macro_rules! tuple_writable {
($name0:ident $($name:ident: $id:tt )*) => {
impl<$name0: Writable, $($name: Writable,)*> Writable for ($name0, $($name,)*) {
fn write(&self, out: &mut Output) {
self.0.write(out);
$(
out.put(b' ');
self.$id.write(out);
)*
}
}
}
}

tuple_writable! {T}
tuple_writable! {T U:1}
tuple_writable! {T U:1 V:2}
tuple_writable! {T U:1 V:2 X:3}
tuple_writable! {T U:1 V:2 X:3 Y:4}
tuple_writable! {T U:1 V:2 X:3 Y:4 Z:5}
tuple_writable! {T U:1 V:2 X:3 Y:4 Z:5 A:6}
tuple_writable! {T U:1 V:2 X:3 Y:4 Z:5 A:6 B:7}
tuple_writable! {T U:1 V:2 X:3 Y:4 Z:5 A:6 B:7 C:8}

impl<T: Writable> Writable for Option<T> {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
match self {
None => (-1).write(output),
Some(t) => t.write(output),
}
}
}

impl Writable for bool {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
let bool_output = output.bool_output;
bool_output.output(output, *self)
}
}

static mut ERR: Option<Stderr> = None;

pub fn err() -> Output<'static> {
unsafe {
if ERR.is_none() {
ERR = Some(stderr());
}
Output::new_with_auto_flush(ERR.as_mut().unwrap())
}
}
}
}
pub mod misc {
pub mod memo {
pub mod memoization_3d {
use crate::algo_lib::collections::md_arr::arr3d::Arr3d;
use crate::algo_lib::misc::recursive_function::Callable3;

pub struct Memoization3d<F, Output>
where
F: FnMut(&mut dyn Callable3<usize, usize, usize, Output>, usize, usize, usize) -> Output,
{
f: std::cell::UnsafeCell<F>,
res: Arr3d<Option<Output>>,
}

impl<F, Output: Clone> Memoization3d<F, Output>
where
F: FnMut(&mut dyn Callable3<usize, usize, usize, Output>, usize, usize, usize) -> Output,
{
pub fn new(d1: usize, d2: usize, d3: usize, f: F) -> Self {
Self {
f: std::cell::UnsafeCell::new(f),
res: Arr3d::new(d1, d2, d3, None),
}
}
}

impl<F, Output: Clone> Callable3<usize, usize, usize, Output> for Memoization3d<F, Output>
where
F: FnMut(&mut dyn Callable3<usize, usize, usize, Output>, usize, usize, usize) -> Output,
{
fn call(&mut self, a1: usize, a2: usize, a3: usize) -> Output {
match self.res[(a1, a2, a3)].as_ref() {
None => {
let res = unsafe { (*self.f.get())(self, a1, a2, a3) };
self.res[(a1, a2, a3)] = Some(res.clone());
res
}
Some(res) => res.clone(),
}
}
}
}
}
pub mod recursive_function {
use std::marker::PhantomData;

macro_rules! recursive_function {
($name: ident, $trait: ident, ($($type: ident $arg: ident,)*)) => {
pub trait $trait<$($type, )*Output> {
fn call(&mut self, $($arg: $type,)*) -> Output;
}

pub struct $name<F, $($type, )*Output>
where
F: FnMut(&mut dyn $trait<$($type, )*Output>, $($type, )*) -> Output,
{
f: std::cell::UnsafeCell<F>,
$($arg: PhantomData<$type>,
)*
phantom_output: PhantomData<Output>,
}

impl<F, $($type, )*Output> $name<F, $($type, )*Output>
where
F: FnMut(&mut dyn $trait<$($type, )*Output>, $($type, )*) -> Output,
{
pub fn new(f: F) -> Self {
Self {
f: std::cell::UnsafeCell::new(f),
$($arg: Default::default(),
)*
phantom_output: Default::default(),
}
}
}

impl<F, $($type, )*Output> $trait<$($type, )*Output> for $name<F, $($type, )*Output>
where
F: FnMut(&mut dyn $trait<$($type, )*Output>, $($type, )*) -> Output,
{
fn call(&mut self, $($arg: $type,)*) -> Output {
unsafe { (*self.f.get())(self, $($arg, )*) }
}
}
}
}

recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction0, Callable0, ());
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction, Callable, (Arg arg,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction2, Callable2, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction3, Callable3, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2, Arg3 arg3,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction4, Callable4, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2, Arg3 arg3, Arg4 arg4,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction5, Callable5, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2, Arg3 arg3, Arg4 arg4, Arg5 arg5,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction6, Callable6, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2, Arg3 arg3, Arg4 arg4, Arg5 arg5, Arg6 arg6,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction7, Callable7, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2, Arg3 arg3, Arg4 arg4, Arg5 arg5, Arg6 arg6, Arg7 arg7,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction8, Callable8, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2, Arg3 arg3, Arg4 arg4, Arg5 arg5, Arg6 arg6, Arg7 arg7, Arg8 arg8,));
recursive_function!(RecursiveFunction9, Callable9, (Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2, Arg3 arg3, Arg4 arg4, Arg5 arg5, Arg6 arg6, Arg7 arg7, Arg8 arg8, Arg9 arg9,));
}
pub mod value {
use std::hash::Hash;

pub trait Value<T>: Copy + Eq + Hash {
fn val() -> T;
}

pub trait ConstValue<T>: Value<T> {
const VAL: T;
}

impl<T, V: ConstValue<T>> Value<T> for V {
fn val() -> T {
Self::VAL
}
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! value {
($name: ident: $t: ty = $val: expr) => {
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Ord, PartialOrd, Default)]
pub struct $name {}

impl $crate::algo_lib::misc::value::ConstValue<$t> for $name {
const VAL: $t = $val;
}
};
}

pub trait DynamicValue<T>: Value<T> {
//noinspection RsSelfConvention
fn set_val(t: T);
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! dynamic_value {
($name: ident: $t: ty) => {
static mut VAL: Option<$t> = None;

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Default)]
struct $name {}

impl $crate::algo_lib::misc::value::DynamicValue<$t> for $name {
fn set_val(t: $t) {
unsafe {
VAL = Some(t);
}
}
}

impl $crate::algo_lib::misc::value::Value<$t> for $name {
fn val() -> $t {
unsafe { VAL.unwrap() }
}
}
};
($name: ident: $t: ty = $val: expr) => {
dynamic_value!($name: $t);

$name::set_val($val);
};
}
}
pub mod when {
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! when {
{$($cond: expr => $then: expr,)*} => {
match () {
$(_ if $cond => $then,)*
_ => unreachable!(),
}
};
{$($cond: expr => $then: expr,)* else $(=>)? $else: expr,} => {
match () {
$(_ if $cond => $then,)*
_ => $else,
}
};
}
}
}
pub mod numbers {
pub mod gcd {
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::IntegerMultiplicationMonoid;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::IntegerSemiRingWithSub;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::One;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::SemiRingWithSub;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::Zero;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::wideable::Wideable;
use std::mem::swap;

pub fn extended_gcd<T: IntegerSemiRingWithSub + Wideable + Copy>(a: T, b: T) -> (T, T::W, T::W)
where
T::W: Copy + SemiRingWithSub,
{
if a == T::zero() {
(b, T::W::zero(), T::W::one())
} else {
let (d, y, mut x) = extended_gcd(b % a, a);
x -= T::W::from(b / a) * y;
(d, x, y)
}
}

pub fn gcd<T: Copy + Zero + IntegerMultiplicationMonoid>(mut a: T, mut b: T) -> T {
while b != T::zero() {
a %= b;
swap(&mut a, &mut b);
}
a
}

pub fn lcm<T: Copy + Zero + IntegerMultiplicationMonoid>(a: T, b: T) -> T {
(a / gcd(a, b)) * b
}
}
pub mod mod_int {
use crate::algo_lib::io::input::Input;
use crate::algo_lib::io::input::Readable;
use crate::algo_lib::io::output::Output;
use crate::algo_lib::io::output::Writable;
use crate::algo_lib::misc::value::Value;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::gcd::extended_gcd;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::Field;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::IntegerRing;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::One;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::Ring;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::algebra::Zero;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::as_index::AsIndex;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::invertible::Invertible;
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::wideable::Wideable;
use crate::value;
use crate::when;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::fmt::Formatter;
use std::hash::Hash;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::ops::Add;
use std::ops::AddAssign;
use std::ops::Div;
use std::ops::DivAssign;
use std::ops::Mul;
use std::ops::MulAssign;
use std::ops::Neg;
use std::ops::Sub;
use std::ops::SubAssign;

pub trait BaseModInt: Field + Copy {
type W: IntegerRing + Copy + From<Self::T>;
type T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Wideable<W = Self::W>;

fn from(v: Self::T) -> Self;
fn module() -> Self::T;
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Default)]
pub struct ModInt<T, V: Value<T>> {
n: T,
phantom: PhantomData<V>,
}

impl<T: Copy, V: Value<T>> ModInt<T, V> {
pub fn val(&self) -> T {
self.n
}
}

impl<T: Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> ModInt<T, V> {
unsafe fn unchecked_new(n: T) -> Self {
debug_assert!(n >= T::zero() && n < V::val());
Self {
n,
phantom: Default::default(),
}
}

unsafe fn maybe_subtract_mod(mut n: T) -> T {
debug_assert!(n < V::val() + V::val() && n >= T::zero());
if n >= V::val() {
n -= V::val();
}
n
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> ModInt<T, V> {
pub fn new(n: T) -> Self {
unsafe { Self::unchecked_new(Self::maybe_subtract_mod(n % (V::val()) + V::val())) }
}
}

impl<T: Copy + IntegerRing + Ord + Wideable + Hash, V: Value<T>> ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: Copy + IntegerRing,
{
pub fn log(&self, alpha: Self) -> T {
let mut base = HashMap::new();
let mut exp = T::zero();
let mut pow = Self::one();
let mut inv = *self;
let alpha_inv = alpha.inv().unwrap();
while exp * exp < Self::module() {
if inv == Self::one() {
return exp;
}
base.insert(inv, exp);
exp += T::one();
pow *= alpha;
inv *= alpha_inv;
}
let step = pow;
let mut i = T::one();
loop {
if let Some(b) = base.get(&pow) {
break exp * i + *b;
}
pow *= step;
i += T::one();
}
}
}

impl<T: Wideable + Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: IntegerRing,
{
pub fn new_from_wide(n: T::W) -> Self {
unsafe {
Self::unchecked_new(Self::maybe_subtract_mod(
T::downcast(n % (V::val()).into()) + V::val(),
))
}
}
}

impl<T: Copy + IntegerRing + Ord + Wideable, V: Value<T>> Invertible for ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: Copy + IntegerRing,
{
type Output = Self;

fn inv(&self) -> Option<Self> {
let (g, x, _) = extended_gcd(self.n, V::val());
if g != T::one() {
None
} else {
Some(Self::new_from_wide(x))
}
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Wideable, V: Value<T>> BaseModInt for ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: IntegerRing + Copy,
{
type W = T::W;
type T = T;

fn from(v: Self::T) -> Self {
Self::new(v)
}

fn module() -> T {
V::val()
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> From<T> for ModInt<T, V> {
fn from(n: T) -> Self {
Self::new(n)
}
}

impl<T: Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> AddAssign for ModInt<T, V> {
fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
self.n = unsafe { Self::maybe_subtract_mod(self.n + rhs.n) };
}
}

impl<T: Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> Add for ModInt<T, V> {
type Output = Self;

fn add(mut self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
self += rhs;
self
}
}

impl<T: Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> SubAssign for ModInt<T, V> {
fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
self.n = unsafe { Self::maybe_subtract_mod(self.n + V::val() - rhs.n) };
}
}

impl<T: Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> Sub for ModInt<T, V> {
type Output = Self;

fn sub(mut self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
self -= rhs;
self
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Wideable, V: Value<T>> MulAssign for ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: IntegerRing + Copy,
{
fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
self.n = T::downcast(T::W::from(self.n) * T::W::from(rhs.n) % T::W::from(V::val()));
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Wideable, V: Value<T>> Mul for ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: IntegerRing + Copy,
{
type Output = Self;

fn mul(mut self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
self *= rhs;
self
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Wideable, V: Value<T>> DivAssign for ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: IntegerRing + Copy,
{
#[allow(clippy::suspicious_op_assign_impl)]
fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
*self *= rhs.inv().unwrap();
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Wideable, V: Value<T>> Div for ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: IntegerRing + Copy,
{
type Output = Self;

fn div(mut self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
self /= rhs;
self
}
}

impl<T: Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> Neg for ModInt<T, V> {
type Output = Self;

fn neg(mut self) -> Self::Output {
self.n = unsafe { Self::maybe_subtract_mod(V::val() - self.n) };
self
}
}

impl<T: Display, V: Value<T>> Display for ModInt<T, V> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
<T as Display>::fmt(&self.n, f)
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Readable, V: Value<T>> Readable for ModInt<T, V> {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self {
Self::new(T::read(input))
}
}

impl<T: Writable, V: Value<T>> Writable for ModInt<T, V> {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
self.n.write(output);
}
}

impl<T: Ring + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> Zero for ModInt<T, V> {
fn zero() -> Self {
unsafe { Self::unchecked_new(T::zero()) }
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy, V: Value<T>> One for ModInt<T, V> {
fn one() -> Self {
Self::new(T::one())
}
}

impl<T, V: Value<T>> Wideable for ModInt<T, V> {
type W = Self;

fn downcast(w: Self::W) -> Self {
w
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + Wideable + Display + AsIndex, V: Value<T>> std::fmt::Debug
for ModInt<T, V>
where
T::W: IntegerRing + Copy,
{
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
let max = T::from_index(100);
when! {
self.n <= max => write!(f, "{}", self.n),
self.n >= V::val() - max => write!(f, "{}", self.n - V::val()),
else => {
let mut denominator = T::one();
while denominator < max {
let mut num = T::one();
while num < max {
if Self::new(num) / Self::new(denominator) == *self {
return write!(f, "{}/{}", num, denominator);
}
if -Self::new(num) / Self::new(denominator) == *self {
return write!(f, "-{}/{}", num, denominator);
}
num += T::one();
}
denominator += T::one();
}
write!(f, "(?? {} ??)", self.n)
},
}
}
}

impl<T: IntegerRing + Ord + Copy + AsIndex, V: Value<T>> AsIndex for ModInt<T, V> {
fn from_index(idx: usize) -> Self {
Self::new(T::from_index(idx))
}

fn to_index(self) -> usize {
self.n.to_index()
}
}

value!(Val7: i32 = 1_000_000_007);
pub type ModInt7 = ModInt<i32, Val7>;

value!(Val9: i32 = 1_000_000_009);
pub type ModInt9 = ModInt<i32, Val9>;

value!(ValF: i32 = 998_244_353);
pub type ModIntF = ModInt<i32, ValF>;
}
pub mod num_traits {
pub mod algebra {
use crate::algo_lib::numbers::num_traits::invertible::Invertible;
use std::ops::Add;
use std::ops::AddAssign;
use std::ops::Div;
use std::ops::DivAssign;
use std::ops::Mul;
use std::ops::MulAssign;
use std::ops::Neg;
use std::ops::Rem;
use std::ops::RemAssign;
use std::ops::Sub;
use std::ops::SubAssign;

pub trait Zero {
fn zero() -> Self;
}

pub trait One {
fn one() -> Self;
}

pub trait AdditionMonoid: Add<Output = Self> + AddAssign + Zero + Eq + Sized {}

impl<T: Add<Output = Self> + AddAssign + Zero + Eq> AdditionMonoid for T {}

pub trait AdditionMonoidWithSub: AdditionMonoid + Sub<Output = Self> + SubAssign {}

impl<T: AdditionMonoid + Sub<Output = Self> + SubAssign> AdditionMonoidWithSub for T {}

pub trait AdditionGroup: AdditionMonoidWithSub + Neg<Output = Self> {}

impl<T: AdditionMonoidWithSub + Neg<Output = Self>> AdditionGroup for T {}

pub trait MultiplicationMonoid: Mul<Output = Self> + MulAssign + One + Eq + Sized {}

impl<T: Mul<Output = Self> + MulAssign + One + Eq> MultiplicationMonoid for T {}

pub trait IntegerMultiplicationMonoid:
MultiplicationMonoid + Div<Output = Self> + Rem<Output = Self> + DivAssign + RemAssign
{
}

impl<T: MultiplicationMonoid + Div<Output = Self> + Rem<Output = Self> + DivAssign + RemAssign>
IntegerMultiplicationMonoid for T
{
}

pub trait MultiplicationGroup:
MultiplicationMonoid + Div<Output = Self> + DivAssign + Invertible<Output = Self>
{
}

impl<T: MultiplicationMonoid + Div<Output = Self> + DivAssign + Invertible<Output = Self>>
MultiplicationGroup for T
{
}

pub trait SemiRing: AdditionMonoid + MultiplicationMonoid {}

impl<T: AdditionMonoid + MultiplicationMonoid> SemiRing for T {}

pub trait SemiRingWithSub: AdditionMonoidWithSub + SemiRing {}

impl<T: AdditionMonoidWithSub + SemiRing> SemiRingWithSub for T {}

pub trait Ring: SemiRing + AdditionGroup {}

impl<T: SemiRing + AdditionGroup> Ring for T {}

pub trait IntegerSemiRing: SemiRing + IntegerMultiplicationMonoid {}

impl<T: SemiRing + IntegerMultiplicationMonoid> IntegerSemiRing for T {}

pub trait IntegerSemiRingWithSub: SemiRingWithSub + IntegerSemiRing {}

impl<T: SemiRingWithSub + IntegerSemiRing> IntegerSemiRingWithSub for T {}

pub trait IntegerRing: IntegerSemiRing + Ring {}

impl<T: IntegerSemiRing + Ring> IntegerRing for T {}

pub trait Field: Ring + MultiplicationGroup {}

impl<T: Ring + MultiplicationGroup> Field for T {}

macro_rules! zero_one_integer_impl {
($($t: ident)+) => {$(
impl Zero for $t {
fn zero() -> Self {
0
}
}

impl One for $t {
fn one() -> Self {
1
}
}
)+};
}

zero_one_integer_impl!(i128 i64 i32 i16 i8 isize u128 u64 u32 u16 u8 usize);
}
pub mod as_index {
pub trait AsIndex {
fn from_index(idx: usize) -> Self;
fn to_index(self) -> usize;
}

macro_rules! from_index_impl {
($($t: ident)+) => {$(
impl AsIndex for $t {
fn from_index(idx: usize) -> Self {
idx as $t
}

fn to_index(self) -> usize {
self as usize
}
}
)+};
}

from_index_impl!(i128 i64 i32 i16 i8 isize u128 u64 u32 u16 u8 usize);
}
pub mod invertible {
pub trait Invertible {
type Output;

fn inv(&self) -> Option<Self::Output>;
}
}
pub mod wideable {
use std::convert::From;

pub trait Wideable: Sized {
type W: From<Self>;

fn downcast(w: Self::W) -> Self;
}

macro_rules! wideable_impl {
($($t: ident $w: ident),+) => {$(
impl Wideable for $t {
type W = $w;

fn downcast(w: Self::W) -> Self {
w as $t
}
}
)+};
}

wideable_impl!(i64 i128, i32 i64, i16 i32, i8 i16, u64 u128, u32 u64, u16 u32, u8 u16);
}
}
}
pub mod string {
pub mod str {
use crate::algo_lib::collections::iter_ext::collect::IterCollect;
use crate::algo_lib::io::input::Input;
use crate::algo_lib::io::input::Readable;
use crate::algo_lib::io::output::Output;
use crate::algo_lib::io::output::Writable;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::fmt::Formatter;
use std::hash::Hash;
use std::hash::Hasher;
use std::iter::Copied;
use std::iter::FromIterator;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::ops::Add;
use std::ops::AddAssign;
use std::ops::Deref;
use std::ops::DerefMut;
use std::ops::Index;
use std::ops::IndexMut;
use std::slice::Iter;
use std::slice::IterMut;
use std::slice::SliceIndex;
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::vec::IntoIter;

pub enum Str<'s> {
Extendable(Vec<u8>, PhantomData<&'s [u8]>),
Owned(Box<[u8]>, PhantomData<&'s [u8]>),
Ref(&'s [u8]),
}

impl Default for Str<'static> {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}

impl Str<'static> {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Str::Extendable(Vec::new(), PhantomData)
}

pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize) -> Self {
Str::Extendable(Vec::with_capacity(cap), PhantomData)
}
}

impl<'s> Str<'s> {
pub fn push(&mut self, c: u8) {
self.transform_to_extendable();
self.as_extendable().push(c)
}

pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
self.transform_to_extendable();
self.as_extendable().pop()
}

pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
match self {
Str::Extendable(s, _) => s.as_ref(),
Str::Owned(s, _) => s.as_ref(),
Str::Ref(s) => s,
}
}

pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.as_slice().len()
}

pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.len() == 0
}

pub fn iter(&self) -> Copied<Iter<u8>> {
match self {
Str::Extendable(v, _) => v.iter(),
Str::Owned(v, _) => v.iter(),
Str::Ref(v) => v.iter(),
}
.copied()
}

pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<u8> {
self.transform_to_owned();
self.as_mut_slice().iter_mut()
}

pub fn sort(&mut self) {
self.transform_to_owned();
self.as_mut_slice().sort_unstable();
}

pub fn into_owned(mut self) -> Str<'static> {
self.transform_to_owned();
match self {
Str::Extendable(v, _) => Str::Extendable(v, PhantomData),
Str::Owned(v, _) => Str::Owned(v, PhantomData),
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}

fn transform_to_extendable(&mut self) {
match self {
Str::Extendable(_, _) => {}
Str::Owned(_, _) => {
let mut fake = Str::new();
std::mem::swap(self, &mut fake);
if let Str::Owned(s, _) = fake {
*self = Str::Extendable(s.to_vec(), PhantomData)
}
}
Str::Ref(s) => *self = Str::Extendable(s.to_vec(), PhantomData),
}
}

fn as_extendable(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<u8> {
match self {
Str::Extendable(s, _) => s,
_ => panic!("unreachable"),
}
}

fn transform_to_owned(&mut self) {
if let Str::Ref(s) = self {
*self = Str::Owned(s.to_vec().into_boxed_slice(), PhantomData)
}
}

pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
self.transform_to_owned();
match self {
Str::Extendable(s, _) => s.as_mut_slice(),
Str::Owned(s, _) => s.as_mut(),
_ => panic!("unreachable"),
}
}

pub fn into_string(self) -> String {
match self {
Str::Extendable(v, _) => unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(v) },
Str::Owned(v, _) => unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(v.into_vec()) },
Str::Ref(v) => String::from_utf8_lossy(v).into_owned(),
}
}

pub fn reverse(&mut self) {
self.as_mut_slice().reverse();
}

pub fn trim(&self) -> Str<'_> {
let mut start = 0;
let mut end = self.len();
while start < end && (self[start] as char).is_whitespace() {
start += 1;
}
while start < end && (self[end - 1] as char).is_whitespace() {
end -= 1;
}
self[start..end].into()
}

pub fn split<'a, 'b>(&'a self, sep: impl Into<Str<'b>>) -> Vec<Str<'a>>
where
's: 'a,
{
let sep = sep.into();
let mut res = Vec::new();
let mut start = 0;
for i in 0..self.len() {
if self[i..].starts_with(sep.as_slice()) {
res.push(self[start..i].into());
start = i + sep.len();
}
}
res.push(self[start..].into());
res
}

pub fn parse<F: FromStr>(self) -> F
where
F::Err: Debug,
{
self.into_string().parse().unwrap()
}

pub fn parse_vec<T: Readable>(&self) -> Vec<T> {
let mut bytes = self.as_slice();
let mut input = Input::new(&mut bytes);
let mut res = Vec::new();
while !input.is_exhausted() {
res.push(input.read());
}
res
}
}

impl<'s> IntoIterator for Str<'s> {
type Item = u8;
type IntoIter = IntoIter<u8>;

#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_to_owned)]
fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
match self {
Str::Extendable(v, _) => v.into_iter(),
Str::Owned(v, _) => v.into_vec().into_iter(),
Str::Ref(v) => v.to_vec().into_iter(),
}
}
}

impl From<String> for Str<'static> {
fn from(s: String) -> Self {
Str::Extendable(s.into(), PhantomData)
}
}

impl<'s> From<&'s str> for Str<'s> {
fn from(s: &'s str) -> Self {
Str::Ref(s.as_bytes())
}
}

impl From<Vec<u8>> for Str<'static> {
fn from(s: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Str::Extendable(s, PhantomData)
}
}

impl<'s> From<&'s [u8]> for Str<'s> {
fn from(s: &'s [u8]) -> Self {
Str::Ref(s)
}
}

impl<'s, const N: usize> From<&'s [u8; N]> for Str<'s> {
fn from(s: &'s [u8; N]) -> Self {
Str::Ref(s)
}
}

impl<'s> From<&'s String> for Str<'s> {
fn from(s: &'s String) -> Self {
Str::Ref(s.as_bytes())
}
}

impl<'s> From<&'s Vec<u8>> for Str<'s> {
fn from(s: &'s Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Str::Ref(s.as_slice())
}
}

impl From<u8> for Str<'static> {
fn from(c: u8) -> Self {
Str::Owned(Box::new([c]), PhantomData)
}
}

impl From<char> for Str<'static> {
fn from(c: char) -> Self {
Str::from(c as u8)
}
}

impl<'s, 't: 's> From<&'s Str<'t>> for Str<'s> {
fn from(value: &'s Str<'t>) -> Self {
Str::Ref(value.as_slice())
}
}

impl<R: SliceIndex<[u8]>> Index<R> for Str<'_> {
type Output = R::Output;

fn index(&self, index: R) -> &Self::Output {
self.as_slice().index(index)
}
}

impl<R: SliceIndex<[u8]>> IndexMut<R> for Str<'_> {
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: R) -> &mut Self::Output {
self.transform_to_owned();
self.as_mut_slice().index_mut(index)
}
}

impl Clone for Str<'_> {
fn clone(&self) -> Self {
match self {
Str::Extendable(s, _) => s.clone().into(),
Str::Owned(s, _) => s.to_vec().into(),
Str::Ref(s) => Str::Ref(s),
}
}
}

impl<'r, 's, S: Into<Str<'r>>> AddAssign<S> for Str<'s> {
fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: S) {
self.transform_to_extendable();
self.as_extendable()
.extend_from_slice(rhs.into().as_slice());
}
}

impl<'r, 's, S: Into<Str<'r>>> Add<S> for Str<'s> {
type Output = Str<'s>;

fn add(mut self, rhs: S) -> Self::Output {
self += rhs;
self
}
}

impl Readable for Str<'static> {
fn read(input: &mut Input) -> Self {
input.next_token().unwrap().into()
}
}

impl Writable for Str<'_> {
fn write(&self, output: &mut Output) {
for c in self.as_slice() {
output.put(*c);
}
output.maybe_flush();
}
}

impl Display for Str<'_> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
<String as Display>::fmt(&String::from_utf8(self.as_slice().to_vec()).unwrap(), f)
}
}

impl Hash for Str<'_> {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
self.as_slice().hash(state);
}
}

impl<'r> PartialEq<Str<'r>> for Str<'_> {
fn eq(&self, other: &Str<'r>) -> bool {
self.as_slice().eq(other.as_slice())
}
}

impl Eq for Str<'_> {}

impl<'r> PartialOrd<Str<'r>> for Str<'_> {
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Str<'r>) -> Option<Ordering> {
self.as_slice().partial_cmp(other.as_slice())
}
}

impl Ord for Str<'_> {
fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
self.as_slice().cmp(other.as_slice())
}
}

impl FromIterator<u8> for Str<'static> {
fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = u8>>(iter: T) -> Self {
Self::Extendable(iter.into_iter().collect_vec(), Default::default())
}
}

impl<'r> FromIterator<&'r u8> for Str<'static> {
fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = &'r u8>>(iter: T) -> Self {
Self::Extendable(iter.into_iter().cloned().collect_vec(), Default::default())
}
}

impl Deref for Str<'_> {
type Target = [u8];

fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
self.as_slice()
}
}

impl DerefMut for Str<'_> {
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
self.as_mut_slice()
}
}

pub trait StrReader {
fn read_str(&mut self) -> Str<'static>;
fn read_str_vec(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<Str<'static>>;
fn read_line(&mut self) -> Str<'static>;
fn read_line_vec(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<Str<'static>>;
fn read_lines(&mut self) -> Vec<Str<'static>>;
}

impl StrReader for Input<'_> {
fn read_str(&mut self) -> Str<'static> {
self.read()
}

fn read_str_vec(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<Str<'static>> {
self.read_vec(n)
}

fn read_line(&mut self) -> Str<'static> {
let mut res = Str::new();
while let Some(c) = self.get() {
if c == b'\n' {
break;
}
res.push(c);
}
res
}

fn read_line_vec(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<Str<'static>> {
let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(n);
for _ in 0..n {
res.push(self.read_line());
}
res
}

fn read_lines(&mut self) -> Vec<Str<'static>> {
let mut res = Vec::new();
while !self.is_exhausted() {
res.push(self.read_line());
}
if let Some(s) = res.last() {
if s.is_empty() {
res.pop();
}
}
res
}
}
}
}
}
fn main() {
    let mut sin = std::io::stdin();
    let input = algo_lib::io::input::Input::new(&mut sin);
    let mut stdout = std::io::stdout();
    let output = algo_lib::io::output::Output::new(&mut stdout);
    solution::run(input, output);
}